Schau v. Cecil

• Citation: 257 Iowa 1296,136 N.W.2d 515
• Decision Date: 29 July 1965
• Docket Number: No. 51761,51761
• Parties: Vera SCHAU and Donald Kelly, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Ada CECIL, Cora Watkins, Mary J. Cook, T. Janice Marple, T. Maxine Hall, and Ada K. Cecil, Administratrix of the Estate of Everett Kelly, Deceased, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Iowa

Page 515

136 N.W.2d 515

257 Iowa 1296

Vera SCHAU and Donald Kelly, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Ada CECIL, Cora Watkins, Mary J. Cook, T. Janice Marple, T. Maxine Hall, and Ada K. Cecil, Administratrix of the Estate of Everett Kelly, Deceased, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 51761.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

July 29, 1965.

Johnson, Phelan & Tucker, Fort Madison, for appellants.

Smiths' Dickey, Keokuk, for appellees, Ada Cecil, Cora Watkins and Ada K. Cecil, Administratrix of the Estate of Everett Kelly, deceased.

Pollard, Deitchler, Thomas & Lawse, Fort Madison, for appellees, T. Janice Marple, T. Maxine Hall and Mary J. Cook.

MOORE, Justice.

This is a declaratory judgment action involving the interpretation of the will of Joseph Kelly. The facts are stipulated.

Joseph Kelly died testate June 8, 1922. His Wife, Mary, and their children, Cecil Kelly, Everett Kelly, Ada Cecil, Cora Watkins And Mabel Cook survived Him. His will which he had executed on December 8, 1921 was probated. Its interpretation and construction present the main issues in this case involving the interests of the parties in certain real property which Kelly owned.

The pertinent parts of the will are:

'Second. I direct my executor to sell and convert into money all personal property of which I may die seized, and from the proceeds thereof, I give, devise and bequeath to each of my daughters, Cora Watkins, Ada Cecil and Mabel Cook, the sum of Six Thousand ($6000.00) each, and direct that he deduct from the share of my daughter Ada Cecil the Three Thousand ($3000.00) which I have already advanced to her, and also to deduct any sums I may hereafter advance to any of them. Should my personal property when sold not be sufficient to pay these bequests, I desire and direct that my said executor procure the balance remaining unpaid to may daughters, on the best available terms, and that if necessary he give a mortgage on a part or all of the home 160 acres, being the Southwest Quarter of Section Nine (9) in Township Sixty-eight, (68) Range Seven (7), West, in Lee County, Iowa.

'Third, To my beloved wife Mary Kelly, for her support and comfort so long as she may live, I give the net annual income from the home 160 acres, namely the Southwest Quarter of Section Nine in Township Sixty-eight (68), Range Seven (7), West, in Lee County, Iowa, the same to be paid to her as soon as it is realized. The portion here given to my said wife is in lieu of all rights and interests which she would have had in my estate in the absence of a will.

'Fourth. To my son Everett Kelly, I give, devise and bequeath the South-west Quarter of Section Nine (9), in Township Sixty-eight (68), North, Range Seven (7), West, in Lee County, Iowa subject to any charges or liens thereon as set forth in the two paragraphs above, and I also devise and bequeath to my said son Everett, the undivided one-half of the timber tract of twenty acres in the North-east corner of the West Half of the North-west Quarter of Section Thirteen (13), in Township Sixty-eight (68), North, Range Eight (8), West in Van Buren County, Iowa. But should my son Everett not survive me or he should die without issue, then and in that event, the real estate devised to him herein, I devise to my son Cecil Kelly, conditioned upon the payment by him of Two Thousand ($2000.00) to each of my daughters, Cora Watkins, Mabel Cook and Ada Cecil, and said real estate to be his sole and absolute property thereafter.'

In the fifth paragraph testator devised to his son, Cecil Kelly, in fee simple an 80 acre tract and an undivided one-half of the twenty acre timber tract described in paragraph four.

The will contains no residuary clause.

After Joseph's death his widow, Mary and son Everett continued to occupy the home farm.

Mary died November 24, 1942. Mabel Cook died in February, 1954. She left three daughters, Mary J. Cook, T. Janice Marple and T. Maxine Hall, defendants herein. Cecil Kelly died December 9, 1957 leaving as his sole heirs and devisees the plaintiffs, Vera Schau and Donald Kelly. Everett Kelly died May 4, 1963. He had never married and left no surviving children. Joseph's daughters Ada Cecil and Cora Watkins survive and are defendants in this action.

Plaintiffs contend that as sole heirs and devisees of Cecil they are the owners of the real property described in paragraph four of Joseph's will.

Defendants contend that when Everett died without issue his fee was divested and the property reverted and descended intestate to Joseph's heirs at law in the Following proportions: Ada Cecil and Cora Watkins each an undivided one-fourth interest, Mary J. Cook, T. Janice Marple and T. Maxine Hall each an undivided one-twelfth interest, and plaintiffs, Vera Schau and Donald Kelly each an undivided one-eighth interest in the real property described in paragraph four of Joseph's will. Defendants argue Cecil's Interest in the land described in paragraph four was a contingent remainder.

The trial court adopted defendants' contention and entered judgment accordingly. Plaintiffs have appealed.

I. The Cardinal and governing rule in the construction or interpretation of a testamentary disposition is to arrive at the intention of the testator. The complete will and all terms thereof must be considered. Extensive citation of authority is unnecessary. See Pringle v. Houghton, 249 Iowa 731, 735, 736, 88 N.W.2d 789, 791, 792 and citations.

II. The intention of the testator must be gathered from the words of the will itself, if their meaning as a whole is clear, unambiguous and unequivocal. The question is not what the testator may have meant, but what did he say, what is the meaning of the words he actually used in the will? All rules and canons of construction serve no purpose when the testamentary intention fairly and clearly appears from the testator's words in the will itself. Guilford v. Gardner, 180 Iowa 1210, 1221, 162 N.W. 261, 265; In re Estate of McCulloch, 243 Iowa 449, 457, 458, 52 N.W.2d 67, 72; In re Estate of Pfeiffer, 247 Iowa 756, 759, 76 N.W.2d 193, 195; In re Estate of Manahan, 255 Iowa 1060, 1066, 125 N.W.2d 135, 138.

In Moore v. McKinley, 246 Iowa 734, 749, 69 N.W.2d 73, 82, we say:

'Whether a testamentary remainder is vested or contingent must be determined by the intent of the testator as expressed by the language of the will, if it is plain and unambiguous, and nothing else, considering the will as a whole, and giving effect to every provision thereof if it is reasonably possible. This has been the holding of the court in so many opinions that extensive citation thereof is unnecessary.'

III. The primary issue between the parties here is whether Cecil's interest in the land described in paragraph four is a vested or contingent remainder. Nothing appears in the other paragraphs of Joseph's will to create doubt as to the meaning of paragraph four. It...