Scott v. Farrar

• Decision Date: 26 January 1983
• Citation: 139 Cal.App.3d 462,188 Cal.Rptr. 823
• Parties: , 8 Ed. Law Rep. 761 Kimberly SCOTT, a Minor, etc., et al., Plaintiffs and Appellants, v. Herbert Saxby FARRAR, Sr., Defendant and Respondent. Civ. 65042.
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

Page 823

188 Cal.Rptr. 823

139 Cal.App.3d 462, 8 Ed. Law Rep. 761

Kimberly SCOTT, a Minor, etc., et al., Plaintiffs and Appellants, v. Herbert Saxby FARRAR, Sr., Defendant and Respondent.

Civ. 65042.

Court of Appeal, Second District, Division 1, California.

Jan. 26, 1983.

Charles R. Weldon, Norwalk, and Leonard Sacks, Northridge, for plaintiffs and appellants.

Clausen, Harris & Campbell and Inlow H. Campbell and Carl R. Stevens, Los Angeles, for defendant and respondent.

DALSIMER, Associate Justice.

Plaintiffs, Kimberly Scott and Richard Scott, appeal from the judgment entered following the trial court's order granting the summary judgment motion of defendant Herbert Saxby Farrar, Sr.

The complaint, which was filed November 21, 1980, alleges that Kimberly was injured on March 19, 1980, at 7:15 a.m. while crossing a street at the intersection of Firestone Boulevard and San Juan Street in South Gate to attend school. The complaint further alleges that Kimberly's injuries were caused by Farrar's negligent failure to supply traffic control protection. Richard Scott, Kimberly's father, alleges that as a result of Farrar's negligence, Mr. Scott incurred medical expenses in the treatment of Kimberly. Farrar's answer, which was filed February 13, 1981, denies all allegations of the complaint.

On June 5, 1981, less than four months after Farrar's answer was filed, plaintiffs served defendants with notice that the deposition of Matilda Macready, principal of San Gabriel Avenue Elementary School, would be taken on July 1, 1981. Notice of the deposition was filed June 8, 1981. On June 10, 1981, Farrar served and filed his motion for summary judgment, noticing the motion for a date in advance of the date scheduled for Ms. Macready's deposition. The motion was calendared for and argued on June 25, 1981. Although plaintiffs filed opposition to the motion, they did not seek a continuance to enable them to take the deposition of Ms. Macready prior to the hearing on the motion. After judgment was entered, plaintiffs filed a notice of intention to move for new trial on the grounds of newly discovered evidence obtained during the deposition of Ms. Macready. The motion for new trial was denied on the grounds that plaintiffs had failed to exercise diligence in preparation for the hearing on the summary judgment motion. In this appeal, plaintiffs challenge both the propriety of the summary judgment and the order denying a new trial. ¹

We first consider whether the motion for summary judgment was properly granted. In support of the motion Farrar introduced his declaration dated March 18, 1981. That declaration contains the following statements: On the day of the accident Farrar was a crossing guard at the intersection of Firestone Boulevard and San Juan Street in South Gate. The intersection is located approximately one-half block from the San Gabriel Elementary School. Farrar's working hours are assigned to him by the traffic sergeant of the South Gate Police Department, and Farrar has no authority to adjust his hours. On the day of the accident Farrar was assigned to begin work at 7:30 a.m., which was his regular starting time in March 1980; he had no duties prior to that time and had no knowledge that children would be arriving earlier than usual. Farrar actually arrived at the vicinity of the intersection shortly after 7 a.m., parked his vehicle on San Juan Street approximately 150 feet from the intersection, and was waiting there until his scheduled starting time. Approximately five minutes after Farrar arrived, he saw Kimberly arrive at the intersection and immediately begin to cross Firestone Boulevard. No other small children had appeared in the vicinity of the intersection prior to the arrival of Kimberly.

Farrar also introduced the declaration of Steve Howerton in support of the motion. Howerton's declaration states that in March 1980 Howerton was acting sergeant of the traffic bureau and was responsible for the supervision of Farrar. Howerton's declaration confirms that Farrar had no authority to regulate his working hours; on March 19, 1980, Farrar was assigned to go on duty at 7:30 a.m.; and Farrar had no duty or responsibility to be working at the intersection earlier than 7:30 a.m.

The only evidence introduced in opposition to the motion for summary judgment were excerpts from the deposition of Farrar. Those excerpts contain testimony of Farrar that he had been in his car for less than a couple of minutes when he first spotted Kimberly. Upon noticing Kimberly, he said, "My God, this hour in the morning?" He thought it was a little unusual for her to be at the intersection that early. He didn't get out of the car, blow his whistle, or do anything when he saw Kimberly. Instead he remained in the car, hoping that Kimberly would cross the street safely. Kimberly appeared to be nine or ten years of age.

On appeal from a summary judgment, the reviewing court has the duty to determine whether there is a triable issue of material fact. (Maxwell v. Colburn (1980) 105 Cal.App.3d 180, 185, 163 Cal.Rptr. 912.) A defendant moving for summary judgment has the burden of showing that the plaintiff's action is without merit. He must make a factual showing negating the existence of each cause of action on all theories embodied in the complaint or by establishing a complete defense thereto. (Tresemer v. Barke (1978) 86 Cal.App.3d 656, 661-662, 150 Cal.Rptr. 384.)

As a general rule, there is no duty to control the conduct of another. (Davidson v. City of Westminster (1982) 32 Cal.3d 197, 203, 185 Cal.Rptr. 252, 649 P.2d 894.) "A person who has not created a peril is ordinarily not liable in tort merely for failure to take affirmative action to assist or protect another, no matter how great the danger in which the other is placed, or how easily he could be rescued, unless there is some relationship between them which gives rise to a duty to act. [Citations.]" (4 Witkin, Summary of Cal. Law (8th ed. 1974) Torts, § 554, p. 2821, original italics; Davidson v. City of Westminster, supra, 32 Cal.3d 197, 203, 185 Cal.Rptr. 252, 649 P.2d 894.) The declarations introduced by Farrar in support of the summary judgment motion established that Farrar had no duty to begin work as a crossing guard until 7:30 a.m. and that, at the time of the accident, he had neither begun working nor did he appear to be on duty. The evidence adduced by plaintiffs in opposition to the summary judgment motion failed to controvert those declarations in any material respect. The evidence that Farrar had no authorization to begin work earlier than 7:30 a.m. on March 19, 1980, and that 7:30 a.m. was his regular starting time during that month was sufficient under the pleadings to establish that Farrar had no special relationship with Kimberly imposing a duty upon him to assist her in crossing Firestone Boulevard earlier than 7:30 a.m. on the day in question. Because the declarations of Farrar and Howerton established the lack of any duty to Kimberly (see id., at pp. 203-209, 185 Cal.Rptr. 252, 649 P.2d 894), Farrar was entitled to summary judgment.

Code of Civil Procedure section 437c provides in part that "If a party is otherwise entitled to a summary judgment pursuant to the provisions of this section, summary judgment shall not be denied on grounds of credibility or for want of cross-examination of witnesses furnishing affidavits or declarations in support of the summary judgment, except that summary judgment may be denied in the discretion of the court, where the only proof of a material fact offered in support of the summary judgment is an affidavit or declaration made by an individual who was the sole witness to such fact ...." Plaintiffs contend that the trial court abused its discretion by accepting as true the statement of Farrar that he did not know children would be arriving earlier than usual on the day in question. Plaintiffs' contention is without merit because in view of the uncontradicted evidence that Farrar was not authorized to begin work before 7:30 a.m., the fact that children would be arriving earlier was not material.

Plaintiffs also contend that the summary judgment statute is unconstitutional because summary judgment denies the opposing party a jury trial. In Bank of America, etc. v. Oil Well S. Co. (1936) 12 Cal.App.2d 265, 270, 55 P.2d 885, we rejected an identical contention and held that Code of Civil Procedure section 437c was constitutional. None of the amendments enacted since that decision alter our conclusion that the statute is constitutional. There was no error in granting the motion for summary judgment on the record before the trial court at the time of the hearing.

We now address plaintiffs' contention that the trial court abused its...