Sellers v. Employment Sec. Com'n of Wyoming

• Citation: 760 P.2d 394
• Decision Date: 25 August 1988
• Docket Number: No. 88-35,88-35
• Parties: Gary SELLERS, Appellant (Petitioner), v. EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION OF WYOMING, Appellee (Respondent).
• Court: Wyoming Supreme Court

Page 394

760 P.2d 394

Gary SELLERS, Appellant (Petitioner), v. EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION OF WYOMING, Appellee (Respondent).

No. 88-35.

Supreme Court of Wyoming.

Aug. 25, 1988.

David A. Drell, Casper, for appellant.

William G. Hibbler, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

Before BROWN, C.J., and THOMAS, CARDINE, URBIGKIT and MACY, JJ.

MACY, Justice.

Appellee Employment Security Commission of Wyoming (ESC) denied the application of appellant Gary Sellers for unemployment benefits. Appellant's subsequent petition for review in the district court was dismissed as being untimely filed, and this appeal followed. Resolution of the issue presented in this case requires that we examine the applicable statutes and rules to determine the proper method of computing time limits on filing a notice of appeal from an administrative decision where notice of the decision is provided to the parties by mail.

We reverse and remand.

Appellant describes the issue in this manner:

WHETHER THE APPELLANT TIMELY FILED HIS PETITION FOR REVIEW WITH THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT TO PROPERLY INVOKE THE JURISDICTION OF THE COURT.

An ESC deputy, by initial determination and a redetermination, concluded that appellant was disqualified from receiving benefits because he had voluntarily left his most recent employment without good cause attributable to that employment. Appellant filed an administrative appeal and, after a hearing, an ESC hearing examiner affirmed the deputy's decision. Appellant further pursued his administrative remedy by appealing to the commissioners of the ESC. The commissioners affirmed the examiner's decision at a meeting held on October 26, 1987. On October 30, 1987, the decision of the commissioners was mailed to appellant by certified mail. Appellant received the certified letter of notice on November 2, 1987.

On December 2, 1987, appellant filed a petition for review with the district court. By order entered December 18, 1987, the district court dismissed the petition, stating as grounds therefor:

THE COURT FINDS THAT the petition was mailed on October 30, 1987, that the time allowed by the Wyoming Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 12.04, for filing a petition for review expired on November 30, 1987, as the time for filing a petition begins to run on the date that the notice is mailed, and that the Court is therefore without jurisdiction to consider the petition.

The right to judicial review of administrative decisions is entirely statutory, and agency actions are not reviewable absent statutory authority. Holding's Little America v. Board of County Commissioners of Laramie County, 670 P.2d 699 (Wyo.1983); Keslar v. Police Civil Service Commission, City of Rock Springs, 665 P.2d 937 (Wyo.1983). In addition, timely filing of a petition for review is jurisdictional. Wolfley v. Crook, 695 P.2d 159 (Wyo.1985); Department of Revenue and Taxation v. Irvine, 589 P.2d 1295 (Wyo.1979).

Statutory authority for judicial review of ESC decisions is found in W.S. 27-3-407(a), which provides in pertinent part:

Any person aggrieved or adversely affected by a final decision under this act may obtain judicial review by filing a petition for review with the district court of jurisdiction. Review by the court shall be as provided by the Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act [§§ 16-3-101 through 16-3-115] * * *.

In addition, W.S. 16-3-114(a) of the Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act establishes, in general, the right to review of agency decisions or actions. That section states:

Subject to the requirement that administrative remedies be exhausted and in the absence of any statutory or common-law provision precluding or limiting judicial review, any person aggrieved or adversely affected in fact by a final decision of an agency in a contested case, or by other agency action or inaction, or any person affected in fact by a rule adopted by an agency, is entitled to judicial review in the district court for the county in which the administrative action or inaction was taken, or in which any real property affected by the administrative action or inaction is located, or if no real property is involved, in the district court for the county in which the party aggrieved or adversely affected by the administrative action or inaction resides or has its principal place of business. The procedure to be followed in the proceeding before the district court shall be in accordance with rules heretofore or hereinafter adopted by the Wyoming supreme court.

(Emphasis added.)

W.R.A.P. 12 governs the procedural aspects of review of administrative decisions. Board of County Commissioners of Teton County v. Teton County Youth Services, Inc., 652 P.2d 400 (Wyo.1982); W.R.A.P. 12.03. W.R.A.P. 12.01 provides:

To the extent that judicial review of administrative action by a district court is available, any person who is aggrieved or adversely affected in fact by a final decision of an agency in a contested case, or who is aggrieved or adversely affected in fact by any other agency action or inaction, or who is adversely affected in fact by a rule adopted by [an] agency, may obtain such review as provided in this rule.

W.R.A.P. 12.04 establishes the time for filing a petition for review, providing in relevant part:

In a contested case, or in a noncontested case where a statute places a time limit on appeal, the petition for review shall be filed within thirty (30) days after written, certified notice to all parties of the final decision of the agency * * *.

(Emphasis added.) Finally, W.S. 16-3-110 of the Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act prescribes the procedure for giving notice of a final agency decision in a contested case. In pertinent part, that section provides:

Parties shall be notified either personally or by mail of any decision or order. A copy of the decision and order shall be delivered or mailed forthwith to each party or to his attorney of record.

(Emphasis added.)

Thus, pursuant to the above statutes and rules, appellant had thirty days after certified notice of the agency decision in which to file his petition for review. Our initial inquiry, therefore, is whether the appeal period runs from the date the notice is sent by mail as opposed to the date it is received. Both parties seem to agree that the period is measured from the time the notice was mailed. We agree that, pursuant to W.R.A.P. 12.04, the appeal period is triggered by the sending of certified notice through the mail. The general rule is found in 1 M. Merrill, Notice § 633 at 715-16 (1952), wherein it is stated:

Whether the authority springs from common law or custom, from contract or from direction by the notice, from rule of court or of administrative tribunal, or from the sovereign will of the legislature, it is not necessary that a notification authorized to be made by mail be received. Its effectiveness dates from the time of mailing.

(Emphasis added.) In Call v. Alexander Coal Company, 8 Ohio App.3d 344, 457 N.E.2d 356, 357 (1983), the court said, "Where a statute specifies that a person shall be notified by a particular means, such as certified or registered mail, notice is effective when deposited in the mails." See also Crow v. United States, 203 F.2d 670 (9th Cir.1953); Elliott v. Board of Equalization and Adjustment of Jefferson County, 469 So.2d 602 (Ala.Civ.App.1984); Caldwell v. Geldreich, 137 Cal.App.2d 78, 289 P.2d 832 (1955); Fed.R.Civ.P. 5(b); and 58 Am.Jur.2d, Notice § 27 (1971).

Having determined that the time period for filing an appeal pursuant to W.R.A.P. 12.04 is measured from the date of mailing rather than the date of receipt, we next look to W.R.A.P. 14.02, ¹ which prescribes the method for computing time. ² W.R.A.P. 14.02, as amended in 1987, provides in relevant part:

In computing any period of time prescribed or allowed by these rules, or by order of court, the day of the act, event or default from which the designated period of time begins to run shall not be included. The last day of the period so computed shall be included, unless it is a Saturday, a Sunday, or a legal holiday, or, when the act to be done is the filing of a paper, a day on which weather or other conditions have made the office of clerk of the court inaccessible, in which event the period runs until the end of the next day which is not one of the aforementioned days. When the period of time prescribed or allowed is less than eleven (11) days, intermediate Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays shall be excluded in the computation.

On the basis of the foregoing, the appeal period in this case was initiated by the mailing of the decision notice on October 30, 1987. Pursuant to W.R.A.P. 14.02, that date is not included. The first day of the count, therefore, is October 31, with the thirtieth day falling on November 29. November 29, 1987, was a Sunday, so, accordingly, the thirty-day period expired on Monday, November 30. This was the finding of the district court, and it was correct as far as it went.

The district court, however, failed to consider the operation of W.R.A.P. 14.03, which, in certain circumstances, enlarges the prescribed time to do an act after service of notice when the notice is sent by mail. W.R.A.P. 14.03 states:

Whenever a party has the right or is required to do some act or take some proceedings within a prescribed period from or after the service of a brief, notice or other paper upon him, and the brief, notice or other paper is served upon him by mail or by delivery to the clerk, three (3) days shall be added to the prescribed period.

W.R.A.P. 14.03 has similar counterparts in W.R.C.P. 6(e); W.R.Cr.P. 43(d); Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(e); Fed.R.Crim.P. 45(e); and Fed.R.App.P. 26(c). In 4A C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil 2d § 1171 at 514-15 (1987), the authors, in reference to Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(e), describe the rationale for the three-day extension:

[T]he rule clearly is intended to...