Shequin v. Smith, 64-71

• Decision Date: 07 December 1971
• Docket Number: No. 64-71,64-71
• Citation: 285 A.2d 708,129 Vt. 578
• Court: Vermont Supreme Court
• Parties: John Edward SHEQUIN v. Robert G. SMITH, Warden, Vermont State Prison.

Page 708

285 A.2d 708

129 Vt. 578

John Edward SHEQUIN v. Robert G. SMITH, Warden, Vermont State Prison.

No. 64-71.

Supreme Court of Vermont.

Dec. 7, 1971.

Langrock & Sperry, Middlebury, for plaintiff.

Patrick J. Leahy, State's Atty., for defendant.

Before HOLDEN, C. J., and SHANGRAW, BARNEY, SMITH and KEYSER, JJ.

KEYSER, Justice.

This is an appeal from the dismissal of petitioner's application for a writ of habeas corpus brought to the Windsor County Court. The court granted the petitionee's motion to dismiss which was grounded on petitioner's failure to exhaust the remedies available to him.

The issue presented for review is whether the writ of habeas corpus is suspended until a person incarcerated under a criminal sentence has first filed a motion for post-conviction relief.

The petitioner alleges that he was charged with first degree murder on February 1, 1967, in Chittenden County Court. At that time he was 16 years old. His mother, Ethel Shequin, was appointed his guardian ad litem by the court. Counsel also was appointed for the accused. On February 14, 1967, the respondent entered a plea to second degree murder which resulted in a sentence to 35-40 years in State Prison in Windsor, Vermont.

The petitioner further alleges that at the time his mother, Mrs. Shequin, was appointed guardian ad litem for her son, she was incompetent to act as such guardian ad litem for the reason that she was mentally ill and under psychiatric treatment and a conflict of interest existed between her and her son.

The petitioner argues here that the facts must be taken as true since the case was disposed of on the State's motion to dismiss. The basis of the motion was that the petition failed to show or allege that the petitioner had applied for relief as provided by the postconviction statute, 13 V.S.A. § 7131. The court below decided the motion on the issue of exhaustion of available remedies and not on the question of the sufficiency of facts alleged. In this situation the facts did not come into play on the ruling of the court. The ruling was one of law for the court on the motion. 13 V.S.A. § 7131 reads:

'A prisoner who is in custody under sentence of a court and claims the right to be released upon the ground that the sentence was imposed in violation of the constitution or laws of the United States, or of the state of Vermont, or that the court was without jurisdiction to impose the sentence, or that the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law, or is otherwise subject to collateral attack, may at any time move the county court of the county where the sentence was imposed to vacate, set aside or correct the sentence. However, the superior or district judge who presided when the original sentence was imposed shall not hear the application.'

13 V.S.A. § 7136 is as follows:

'An application for a writ of habeas corpus in behalf of a prisoner entitled to move for relief under sections 7131-7135 of this title, shall not be entertained if it appears that the applicant has failed to apply for relief under this subchapter and sections 3953 and 3957 of Title 12 or that the court has denied him relief, unless it also appears that the remedy by motion is inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention.'

The petitioner argues that the Legislature could not derogate the rights of an individual under the Vermont Constitution by the passage of § 7131 and 7136, supra. He claims the writ of habeas corpus cannot be suspended by these statutes.

The Vermont Constitution provides:

'Section 33. The Writ of Habeas Corpus shall in no case be suspended. It shall be a writ issuable of right; and the General Assembly shall make provision to render it a speedy and effectual remedy in all cases proper therefor.'

The language of § 7136 clearly shows that if the petitioner wants to collaterally attack the proceedings below he must first apply for postconviction relief under § 7131. The petitioner claims his attack on the criminal proceedings against him is not collateral but direct since the guilty plea was entered by an individual who, on the facts alleged in the petition, was incompetent to enter it.

While a legislature may regulate the procedure with respect to habeas corpus, and, to some extent, the purposes for which it may be used, the writ may not be abrogated or its efficiency curtailed by legislative action. 39 Am.Jur.2d, Habeas Corpus, § 5.

The provisions of our statutes, supra, are similar in effect to the federal statute respecting an attack on a sentence in a criminal case under § 2255, Title 28, U.S.C.

The United States Supreme Court in reviewing the history of § 2255, Title 28, U.S.C., wherein it is provided that a prisoner in custody under sentence of a federal court may file a motion in the court which imposed the sentence to vacate, set aside or correct the sentence, held in Hill v. United States, 368 U.S. 424, 82 S.Ct. 468 at p. 421, 7 L.Ed.2d 417:

'Nowhere in the history of Section 2255 do we find any purpose to impinge upon prisoner's rights of collateral attack upon their convictions. On the contrary, the sole purpose was to minimize the difficulties encountered in habeas corpus hearings by affording the same rights in another and more convenient forum.' Citing United States v. Hayman, 342 U.S. 205 at p. 219, 72 S.Ct. 263, 272, 96 L.Ed. 232.

In the Hayman case, supra, at page 222 of 342 U.S., at page 274 of 72 S.Ct. the court held...