Smith v. State
| Decision Date | 03 July 2012 |
| Docket Number | No. SC 92127.,SC 92127. |
| Parties | Codey L. SMITH, Respondent, v. STATE of Missouri, Appellant. |
| Court | Missouri Supreme Court |
OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE
Daniel N. McPherson, Attorney General's Office, argued, Jefferson City, for the State.
Mark A. Grothoff, Public Defender's Office, Columbia, for Smith.
The state of Missouri appeals an order of post-conviction relief granting movant Codey L. Smith a new trial based on ineffective assistance of trial counsel. Smith's counsel did not call as a witness or investigate the codefendant of the crime, who would have testified at trial that Smith was not involved in the robbery. For this omission, which reasonably could have changed the outcome of Smith's trial, counsel was ineffective. The motion court's judgment is affirmed.
On August 30, 2006, two men armed with .22–caliber guns and wearing T-shirts over their faces entered a Fisca oil station in Barton County. One of the men demanded money, prompting the clerk to open the cash drawer. One of the gunmen fired a shot, hitting a cigarette rack. The clerk gave the men approximately $700, which was all the money in the cash register. The men fled in a red dually truck. Kyle Carroll was charged with the Fisca robbery and pleaded guilty in September 2007. No other person was convicted of the crime at that time.
Israel Freeland, who was in jail awaiting trial on charges of forcible rape, forcible sodomy, class B felony theft, class C felony theft, second-degree assault, and victim tampering, told police in January 2007 that Smith confided in Freeland that he committed the robbery. According to informant Freeland, Smith said he joined with Carroll and stole a farm truck, robbed a gas station of $600 or $700, and then dumped the truck in a strip pit in Kansas. Authorities retrieved the dually truck from the described location in September 2007. Freeland was able to reach a plea agreement in exchange for the information he provided, and the victim tampering and assault charges against him were dropped. As a condition of the agreement, Freeland was required to testify against Smith at trial.
Smith was charged with first-degree robbery and armed criminal action. Despite Freeland's statement, Smith's counsel did not contact or otherwise investigate Smith's alleged codefendant Carroll before trial. At the time, Carroll was serving his 10–year sentence for the robbery.1
At Smith's trial in October 2008, informant Freeland testified, relaying the same story he told police in January 2007. Smith did not testify at trial. Smith's counsel did not call Carroll as a witness. The jury found Smith guilty of both counts. The court sentenced Smith to 16 years imprisonment for first-degree robbery and five years imprisonment for armed criminal action, with the sentences to run concurrently. The court of appeals affirmed on direct appeal.
Smith timely filed a pro se motion for post-conviction relief. He claimed his trial counsel was ineffective for not calling Carroll at trial, alleging Carroll would have testified that Smith did not act as Carroll's accomplice in the robbery. The motion court held an evidentiary hearing on November 2, 2010. Informant Freeland, Carroll, Smith, and Smith's counsel William Fleischaker testified at the hearing.
At the hearing, Freeland stated that he lied when he testified against Smith at trial. He denied that Smith ever confessed to any involvement in the robbery. Freeland said he had learned the details of the robbery from others. He said he wanted to correct the harm of his prior false testimony.
Carroll testified at the hearing that he was never contacted by anyone purporting to represent Smith. He also stated that, if he had been called to testify at Smith's trial, he would have testified that Smith was not with him during the robbery. However, Carroll refused to name the person who was his accomplice in the robbery. He said he would have refused to name his accomplice had he testified at Smith's trial, too. When asked about the letter he sent to the prosecution in June 2008, Carroll stated that the purpose was to seek a sentence reduction because he never before had been convicted of a crime. He denied that the purpose of the letter was to assist the prosecution in Smith's case.
Smith's trial counsel testified as to his trial strategy. Counsel said his basic strategy was to get the jury to disbelieve informant Freeland by showing that Freeland's testimony was “paid for” in that some of his charges were dropped in exchange for his testimony. Counsel said he did not call Carroll because he did not know what Carroll was going to say and Carroll had written a letter offering to assist the prosecution.
On November 10, 2010, the motion court granted Smith's motion for post-conviction relief. The court found Carroll's credible testimony would have aided Smith if he had been called as a witness. Without contacting Carroll, counsel could not formulate a reasonable trial strategy regarding the decision to call Carroll as a witness, and that failure prejudiced Smith. The court of appeals reversed and remanded with directions to enter a judgment denying all relief to Smith. Smith appeals.
Appellate review of a motion court's action on a Rule 29.15 motion shall be limited to a determination of whether the findings and conclusions of the trial court are clearly erroneous. Rule 29.15(k). Findings and conclusions are clearly erroneous if, after reviewing the entire record, this Court is left with the “definite and firm impression that a mistake has been made.” Moss v. State, 10 S.W.3d 508, 511 (Mo. banc 2000).
A movant is entitled to post-conviction relief if he shows by a preponderance of the evidence that (1) his counsel failed to exercise the customary skill and diligence of a reasonably competent attorney under similar circumstances and (2) his counsel's deficient performance prejudiced him. Anderson v. State, 196 S.W.3d 28, 33 (Mo. banc 2006) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984)).
The movant must overcome a strong presumption that counsel's conduct was reasonable and effective to meet the first prong of the Strickland test. Zink v. State, 278 S.W.3d 170, 176 (Mo.2009). To overcome this presumption, the movant must point to “specific acts or omissions of counsel that, in light of all the circumstances, fell outside the wide range of professional competent assistance.”...
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