Southern Express Company v. John Byers

• Decision Date: 03 April 1916
• Docket Number: No. 201,201
• Parties: SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY, Plff. in Err., v. JOHN BYERS
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

240 U.S. 612

36 S.Ct. 410

60 L.Ed. 825

SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY, Plff. in Err.,

v JOHN BYERS.

No. 201.

Submitted March 2, 1916.

Decided April 3, 1916.

Messrs. Julius C. Martin, Thomas S. Rollins, George H. Wright, and Robert C. Alston for plaintiff in error.

No brief was filed for defendant in error.

Mr. Justice McReynolds delivered the opinion of the court:

Claiming damages solely on account of mental anguish occasioned by failure promptly to deliver a casket and grave clothes intended for his wife's burial, and accepted by plaintiff in error with knowledge of the facts at Asheville, North Carolina, for transportation to Hickory Grove, South Carolina, Byers recovered a judgment against it for $250, and this was affirmed by the supreme court of North Carolina. 165 N. C. 542, 81 S. E. 741.

In defense the Express Company averred: That while engaged in interstate commerce it received the described articles at Asheville and transported them to Hickory Grove; that, as required by act of Congress approved June 29, 1906 [34 Stat. at L. 584, chap. 3591, Comp. Stat. 1913, § 8563], and amendments, it had filed a schedule of rates with the Interstate Commerce Commission; that at time of shipment it issued a bill of lading limiting liability to $50; that it had paid the shipper the full amount expended by him in purchasing the articles; that no present liability exists, and especially under the laws of the United States it is not responsible for such damages as those specified.

There was put in evidence a duly executed receipt for $64.17, 'being in full payment for one coffin delivered to Southern Express Company at Asheville, North Carolina, on April 1st, 1912, by John Byers, to be shipped to Sarah Moore, Hickory Grove, South Carolina;' and Byers testified that 'the Southern Express Company paid him for all the money he had paid out on the casket and other things contained in the shipment, but did not pay him anything for damages.' The bill of lading was also introduced. It specified no value and undertook to restrict the carrier's liability to $50. Clause 1 is copied in the margin.¹ Objection was sustained to a seasonable offer by the company to prove its schedules of rates on file with the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Manifestly the shipment was interstate commerce; and, under the settled doctrine established by our former opinions, rights and liabilities in connection therewith depend upon acts of Congress, the bill of lading and common-law principles accepted and enforced by the Federal courts. In order to determine the validity and effect of restrictions upon liability contained in such bills, it is important, if not indeed essential, to consider the applicable schedules Exp. Co. v. Croninger, 226 U. S. 491, 57 L. Exp. Co. v. Croninger, 220 U. S. 491, 57 L. ed. 314, 44 L.R.A.(N.S.) 257, 33 Sup. Ct. Rep. 148; Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Miller, 226 U. S. 513, 57 L. ed. 323, 33 Sup. Ct. Rep. 155; Chicago, St. P. M. & O. R. Co. v. Latta, 226 U. S. 519, 57 L. ed. 328, 33 Sup. Ct. Rep. 155; Wells, F. & Co. v. Neiman-Marcus Co. 227 U. S. 469, 57 L. ed. 600, 33 Sup. Ct. Rep. 267; Kansas City Southern R. Co. v. Carl, 227 U. S. 639, 57 L. ed. 683, 33 Sup. Ct. Rep. 391; Missouri, K. & T. R. Co. v. Harriman, 227 U. S. 657, 57 L. ed. 690, 33 Sup. Ct. Rep. 397; Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co. v. Cramer, 232 U. S. 490, 58 L. ed. 697, 34 Sup. Ct. Rep. 383; Boston & M. R. Co. v. Hooker, 233 U. S. 97, 58 L. ed. 868, L.R.A.1915B, 450, Ann. Cas. 1915D, 593; George M. Pierce Co. v. Wells, F. & Co. 236 U. S. 278, 59 L. ed. 576, 35 Sup. Ct. Rep. 351; New York, P. &. N. R. Co. v. Peninsula Produce Exch. 240 U. S. 34, 60 L. ed. , 36 Sup. Ct. Rep. 230.

It was plain error to exclude the rate schedules.

Having been requested in apt time, the trial court refused to charge the jury as follows: 'As the shipment which is alleged to have been delayed was a shipment in interstate commerce, and as the damage claimed by the plaintiff is damage for mental suffering only on account of the delay of the delivery of said shipment, the court instructs the jury that under the evidence in this case the plaintiff is not entitled to recover any such damage; the jury is therefore directed to render a verdict for the defendant.' This instruction should have been given.

The action is based upon a claim for mental suffering only, nothing else was set up and the proof discloses no other injury for which compensation had not been made. In such circumstances as those presented here, the long-recognized common-law rule permitted no recovery; the decisions to this effect 'rest upon the elementary principle that mere mental pain and anxiety are too vague for legal redress where no injury is done to person, property, health, or reputation.' Cooley, Torts, 3d ed. page 94. The lower Federal courts, almost without exception, have adhered to this doctrine, and in so doing we think they were clearly right upon principle and also in accord with the great weight of authority. Chase v. Western U. Teleg. Co. 10 L.R.A. 464, 44 Fed. 554; Crawson v. Western U. Teleg. Co. 47 Fed. 544; Wilcox v. Richmond & D. R. Co. 17 L.R.A. 804, 3 C. C. A. 73, 8 U. S. App. 118, 52 Fed. 264; Tyler v. Western U. Teleg. Co. 54 Fed. 634; Kester v. Western U. Teleg. Co. 55 Fed. 603; Western U. Teleg....