Stafford v. Stafford

• Decision Date: 18 February 1987
• Docket Number: No. C-5220,C-5220
• Citation: 726 S.W.2d 14
• Parties: Margarita M. STAFFORD, Petitioner, v. Robert T. STAFFORD, Respondent.
• Court: Texas Supreme Court

Page 14

726 S.W.2d 14

Margarita M. STAFFORD, Petitioner, v. Robert T. STAFFORD, Respondent.

No. C-5220.

Supreme Court of Texas.

Feb. 18, 1987.

Rehearing Denied April 15, 1987.

Robert Charles Lyon and Michael A. Yonks, Lyon & Lyon, Mesquite, for petitioner.

John A. George, John A. George, P.C., Dallas, for respondent.

OPINION

HILL, Chief Justice.

This case arose out of a divorce action. In 1984, Robert Stafford sued Margarita Stafford for divorce. Margarita filed a counterclaim to recover personal injury damages alleging that Robert transmitted a venereal disease to her. Although the case was not severed, the divorce proceeding was tried by the district court, while the personal injury case was tried before a jury. The jury found issues supporting Margarita's personal injury claim and found that she should recover compensatory and exemplary damages. In the divorce action, the trial court determined that Robert and Margarita's marriage had become insupportable and rendered a judgment that (1) awarded Margarita in damages for personal injuries and (2) granted the divorce and (3) divided the marital estate equally between Margarita and Robert.

Both parties appealed from the trial court's judgment. Margarita contended that the trial court abused its discretion when it divided the marital estate equally, while Robert argued that Margarita should receive nothing on her personal injury claim. In an unpublished opinion, the court of appeals affirmed the trial court's division of the marital estate and rendered judgment that Margarita take nothing from her personal injury suit because there was no evidence to support such judgment. We affirm the division of the marital estate and we reverse and remand Margarita's personal injury action to the court of appeals for further proceedings.

JURISDICTION

Robert argues that this is a "case of divorce" over which this Court lacks jurisdiction absent a dissent or conflict. See TEX.GOV'T.CODE ANN. § 22.225(b)(3) & (c) (Vernon 1987). This, however, is not solely "a case of divorce" because Margarita has joined and carried forward on appeal an additional claim against Robert for personal injury upon which she prevailed before the jury and upon which verdict a judgment was rendered in the trial court thereby permitting assumption of jurisdiction by this Court. TEX.GOV'T.CODE ANN. § 22.001(a)(6) (Vernon 1987). We granted writ to review the court of appeals holding that there is no evidence to support judgment for Margarita on her personal injury claim, and "under the writ of error practice, it is generally held that when our jurisdiction is properly invoked as to one point set forth in the application for writ of error, we acquire jurisdiction of the entire case." Harry Eldridge Co., Inc. v. T.S. Lankford & Sons, Inc., 371 S.W.2d 878, 879 (Tex.1963).

INTERSPOUSAL IMMUNITY

The jury found that Robert transmitted a venereal disease to Margarita, that he was negligent and grossly negligent, and that she was injured by the disease. Based on these findings, the trial court awarded Margarita compensatory and exemplary damages. While Robert argues that this part of the trial court's judgment must be reversed because the doctrine of interspousal immunity bars, as a matter of law, a negligence action between spouses, he did not plead or raise interspousal immunity as a defense in the trial court.

Unless fundamental error is involved, a party cannot raise an issue on appeal if the issue was not raised in the party's pleadings or during trial. E.g., Gray-Taylor, Inc. v. Tennessee, 587 S.W.2d 668 (Tex.1979); State of California Department of Mental Hygiene v. Bank of the Southwest National Association, 163 Tex. 314, 354 S.W.2d 576 (1961); Willis v. Titan Contractors Corp., 625 S.W.2d 69 (Tex.Civ.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1981, writ ref'd n.r.e.); Smith v. Davis, 453 S.W.2d 340 (Tex.Civ.App.--Fort Worth 1970, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Robert therefore waived that defense and we need not reach the issue of whether the doctrine of interspousal immunity continues to bar negligence actions between spouses.

EVIDENTIARY ISSUES

Robert further argues that there is no evidence to support the jury's findings that (1) he transmitted a venereal disease to Margarita, (2) he was negligent, (3) he was grossly negligent and (4) Margarita sustained actual damages of $254,320. In the alternative, Robert contends that there was factually insufficient evidence to support the jury's findings. Robert also maintains that the damages assessed against him should be remitted. The court of appeals agreed that there was no evidence to support the jury's finding that Robert transmitted a venereal disease to her and reversed the judgment of the trial court. The court of appeals did not address Robert's other points of error.

In determining whether there is any evidence to support a jury's findings, "an appellate court must consider only the evidence and the inferences tending to support the finding and disregard all evidence and inferences to the contrary." Garza v. Alviar, 395 S.W.2d 821, 823 (Tex.1965). We have carefully reviewed the record in this case and find that it contains more than a scintilla of evidence that during this marriage Robert had adulterous relationships; that he contracted a venereal disease; that he transmitted to Margarita such venereal disease; that the venereal disease was a proximate cause of injury to Margarita; that such injury caused her to suffer mental anguish; and, that such injury caused her to lose several thousand dollars in lost wages. Thus, there is some evidence to support the jury's findings, and the court of appeals erred in its holding of no evidence.

Robert also argues that the jury's findings were not supported by factually sufficient evidence or, in the alternative, that the damages awarded by the jury should be remitted. The court of appeals found it unnecessary to address...