State ex rel. Bush v. Spurlock

• Decision Date: 19 April 1989
• Docket Number: No. 88-22,88-22
• Parties: , 53 Ed. Law Rep. 638 The STATE, ex rel. BUSH et al., Appellants, v. SPURLOCK et al., Appellees.
• Court: Ohio Supreme Court

Page 77

42 Ohio St.3d 77

537 N.E.2d 641, 53 Ed. Law Rep. 638

The STATE, ex rel. BUSH et al., Appellants, v. SPURLOCK et al., Appellees.

No. 88-22.

Supreme Court of Ohio.

Submitted Feb. 8, 1989.

Decided April 19, 1989.

Gurley, Rishel, Myers & Kopech and David E. Northrop, Columbus, for appellants.

Wood & Lamping and Paul R. Berninger, Cincinnati, for appellees.

PER CURIAM.

The court of appeals dismissed this complaint on appellees' motion filed pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(1) (lack of subject matter jurisdiction), (B)(6) (failure to state a claim), and (B)(7) (failure to join a necessary party). The court's entry, however, does not provide any rationale for this decision beyond the conclusion that the motion was "well taken." Thus, before this court, appellants basically maintain that their complaint stated a cognizable claim in mandamus and that nothing in appellees' motion warranted summary dismissal of their claim.

In response, appellees argue, as they did below, that appellants cannot prevail as a matter of law. Specifically, appellees claim that they have no duty to pay the wages and benefits sought because: (1) mandamus lies only when a salary is set by statute or ordinance, and appellants' salaries were not so set; (2) mandamus lies only when damages have been liquidated or stipulated, and appellants' damages were not liquidated or stipulated; (3) mandamus lies only when an employee's reinstatement has already been ordered, or when both reinstatement and back pay are requested in the mandamus action, neither of which is the case here; (4) mandamus will not lie to decide the degree to which each of two responsible public entities (here, the board and, supposedly, the NCSC) is to be held liable for a particular job action; and (5) mandamus will not lie where an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law exists.

As appellees correctly state, however, the court of appeals did not grant summary judgment in their favor; it granted their Civ.R. 12 motion to dismiss. Thus, their arguments miss the mark. None of them relates to the lower court's jurisdiction to hear this case, the sufficiency of appellants' complaint, or the reason why the NCSC was so indispensable that dismissal was required. Accordingly, the dispositive questions in this case involve whether the complaint was sufficient to withstand challenges under Civ.R. 12(B)(1), (6) and (7).

The standard of review for a dismissal pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(1) is whether any cause of action cognizable by the forum has been raised in the complaint. Avco Financial Services Loan, Inc. v. Hale (1987), 36 Ohio App.3d 65, 67, 520 N.E.2d 1378, 1380, citing Steffen v. General Tel. Co. (1978), 60 Ohio App.2d 144, 14 O.O.3d 111, 395 N.E.2d 1346. Under Section 3, Article IV of the Ohio Constitution, a court of appeals has original jurisdiction in mandamus. Moreover, "[a]n action in mandamus is maintainable by a reinstated public employee to recover compensation due him for the period of time during which he was wrongfully excluded from his employment, provided the amount is established with certainty." Monaghan v. Richley (1972), 32 Ohio St.2d 190, 61 O.O.2d 425, 291 N.E.2d 462, syllabus.

In this mandamus action, appellants have alleged that they were wrongfully excluded from public employment and have further alleged the specific monetary losses that resulted therefrom. Monaghan recognizes the actionability of such a claim in mandamus, and the Ohio Constitution affords original jurisdiction for such action. Thus, the court of appeals erred if it dismissed this complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction under Civ.R. 12(B)(1).

A Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted will only be granted where the party opposing the motion is unable to prove any set of facts that would entitle him to relief. Korodi v. Minot (1987), 40 Ohio App.3d 1, 3, 531 N.E.2d 318, 321. Indeed, before a court may dismiss an action under this rule, " * * * it must appear beyond doubt from the complaint that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts entitling him to recovery." O'Brien v. University Community Tenants Union (1975), 42 Ohio St.2d 242, 71 O.O.2d 223, 327 N.E.2d 753, syllabus. To make this determination, the court is required to interpret all material allegations in the complaint as true and admitted. Phung v. Waste Management, Inc. (1986), 23 Ohio St.3d 100, 102, 23 OBR 260, 262, 491 N.E.2d 1114, 1116.

A complaint in mandamus states a claim if it alleges "the existence of the legal duty and the want of an adequate remedy at law with sufficient particularity so that the respondent is given reasonable notice of the claim asserted." State, ex rel. Alford, v. Willoughby (1979), 58 Ohio St.2d 221, 224, 12 O.O.3d 229, 230, 390 N.E.2d 782, 785, mandamus denied in part on further appeal (1981), 67 Ohio St.2d 260, 21 O.O.3d 163, 423 N.E.2d 457. In Alford, supra, this court reversed and remanded a case that had been dismissed by the court of appeals under Civ.R. 12(B)(6). There, unskilled laborers who had formerly been employed by a school board brought an action in mandamus against the board, its clerk-treasurer, and several civil service commissions in an effort to secure reinstatement with full back pay and seniority. We found that their complaint had stated a claim by alleging that the laborers were classified civil servants, that they were entitled to the protections of R.C. Chapter 124 (mainly, R.C. 124.34, which required the board of education to discharge employees in a specific manner), that the laborers were unlawfully discharged due to the board's failure to comply with that...