State ex rel. D.M. v. Hoester

Decision Date18 December 1984
Docket NumberR,No. 8,No. 65746,8,65746
Citation681 S.W.2d 449
PartiesSTATE ex rel. D.M., Relator, v. The Honorable Robert G.J. HOESTER, Judge of the Circuit Court of St. Louis County, Divisionespondent.
CourtMissouri Supreme Court

Robert B. Hoemeke, John M. Hessel, Joseph J. Trad, St. Louis, for relator.

Francis L. Kenney III, Clayton, for respondent.

RENDLEN, Chief Justice.

This proceeding in prohibition arises from a damage action for intentional tort. Relator D.M., defendant in the trial below asserted the physician-patient privilege 1 and sought to preclude Respondent Judge Robert Hoester from ordering disclosure of the testimony and medical records of D.M.'s psychiatrist. Respondent argued that § 210.140, RSMo Cum.Supp.1983, 2 rendered inapplicable or suspended the privilege in such case.

In her petition for damages plaintiff K.M. alleges that she was repeatedly assaulted and sexually molested by her adoptive father D.M. over a number of years and that her mother C.M. knowingly allowed the abuse to occur. During this period D.M. allegedly sought psychiatric treatment for his abusive behavior. In preparation for trial plaintiff sought to depose Dr. Anton Heusler, D.M.'s psychiatrist, and requested him to produce medical records pertaining to the patient's treatment. D.M. asserted the physician-patient privilege and moved to quash the notice of deposition.

Dr. Heusler, deposed before the hearing on the motion to quash, relied on the physician-patient privilege and refused to answer questions relating to D.M.'s treatment or to produce the requested records. Thereupon plaintiff moved to compel testimony and to produce documents, asserting inapplicability of the privilege because of § 210.140.

Respondent denied D.M.'s motion to quash, sustained plaintiff's motion to compel testimony and for production of documents and ordered the retaking of Dr. Heusler's deposition. D.M. petitioned for a stay of the circuit court order, and the Missouri Court of Appeals Eastern District issued its Preliminary Writ of Prohibition. The court found that § 210.140 had no effect on the asserted privilege in a civil action for damages and ordered its Preliminary Writ made absolute. We granted transfer. 3

It is axiomatic that the physician-patient privilege has no constitutional underpinning and is statutory in origin. State v. Carter, 641 S.W.2d 54 (Mo. banc 1982). What the legislature grants it can also modify or abolish. Randolph v. Supreme Liberty Life Insurance Co., 359 Mo. 251, 221 S.W.2d 155 (banc 1949). The issue in the case at bar is whether the legislature intended § 210.140 to vitiate the physician-patient privilege in damage actions for child abuse.

In determining the legislative intent we must first consider the language of the statute and the words employed in their plain and ordinary meaning. L & R Distributing Co., Inc., v. Missouri Department of Revenue, 648 S.W.2d 91 (Mo.1983). Section 210.140 provides:

Any legally recognized privileged communication, except that between attorney and client, shall not apply to situations involving known or suspected child abuse or neglect and shall not constitute grounds for failure to report as required or permitted by sections 210.110 to 210.165, to cooperate with the division in any of its activities pursuant to sections 210.110 to 210.165, or to give or accept evidence in any judicial proceeding relating to child abuse or neglect. (Emphasis added.)

Respondent contends the emphasized language of the statute removes the physician-patient privilege from any judicial proceeding pertaining to child abuse or neglect and concludes that where, as here, the language used is plain and admits of only one meaning, there is no room for further construction. L & R Distributing, 648 S.W.2d at 95.

On the other hand, relator argues the abatement applies only to judicial proceedings contemplated by the Child Protection and Reformation Act, §§ 210.110-210.165, and that the act is fundamentally designed to encourage the reporting of suspected instances of child abuse to the Division of Family Services and to ensure that appropriate steps are taken to protect the victimized child. Nelson v. Freeman, 537 F.Supp. 602 (W.D.Mo.1982), aff'd sub nom., Nelson v. Missouri Division of Family Services, 706 F.2d 276 (8th Cir.1983). Relator further contends the purpose of the act implicitly limits the application of the privilege abrogation to those judicial proceedings arising within the statutory scheme.

The difficulty with relator's argument is the language of the statute itself. We find no indication the legislature intended to limit the broad language of § 210.140 and to exclude from its purview a civil action for damages. A detailed examination of pertinent portions of § 210.140 reinforces our view of the legislative intent. The first section of the statute which provides,

Any legally recognized privileged communication, except that between attorney and client ... (emphasis added),

without question refers to, among others, the doctor-patient privilege. This section also describes the instances in which the privilege shall not pertain. It states the privilege

shall not apply to situations involving ... child abuse or neglect .... (Emphasis added.)

The very broad term "situations" most certainly includes those instances bearing either civil or criminal implications 4 and is not limited to one or the other.

The second section of the statute consists of three subparts, which with specificity spell out those "situations" to which the privilege will not apply or protect those involved in child abuse or neglect. The first two subparts state:

[The Doctor-Patient privilege] shall not constitute grounds for failure to report as required or permitted by sections 210.110 to 210.165, [or for failure] to cooperate with the division in any of its activities pursuant to sections 210.110 to 210.165.... (Emphasis added.)

In these subparts the legislature makes manifest its intent that those who must "report" and "cooperate" under the terms of the child "protection" and "abuse" statutes will not be heard to raise the privilege in those cases where appropriate action might be taken to invoke sanctions or require such reporting or cooperation with "the division."

The third subpart relates to judicial proceedings in which the privilege shall not be invoked to prevent the giving or acceptance of evidence. This subpart is not limited to those instances in which failure to "report" or "cooperate" with the "division" has occurred nor is it tied to only those cases in which actions are brought under Sections 210.110 to 210.165. Neither, as previously noted, is it limited to either criminal or civil proceedings, instead the broad language explains the privilege shall not be applicable or constitute grounds to bar the giving or accepting of

evidence in any judicial proceeding relating to child abuse or neglect.... (Emphasis added.)

Had the legislature intended a narrower range of the nullifying section it could have readily limited its scope. For example, the legislatures of several states have restricted the application of the privilege abrogation to judicial proceedings explicitly arising from the operation of their respective child abuse acts. 5

Our Legislature imposed no such limitation on § 210.140,...

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24 cases
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    ...banc 1983). In doing so, the words or phrases should be considered in the light of their plain and ordinary meaning. State ex rel. D.M. v. Hoester, 681 S.W.2d 449, 450 (Mo. banc The evidence below shows that the ADA recognizes only the American Board of Pedodontics as having certification p......
  • Marks v. Tenbrunsel
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    ...and must yield to the reporting requirements outlined in California's Child Abuse Reporting Act); State ex rel. D.M. v. Hoester, ... 681 S.W.2d 449 (1984) (holding that child abuse reporting statute vitiated physician-patient privilege and psychiatrist could be compelled to reveal alleged s......
  • State v. Young, 66581
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    ...proscription would be to indulge in statutory revision, a matter within the exclusive province of the General Assembly. State ex rel. D.M. v. Hoester, 681 S.W.2d 449 (Mo. banc 1984); Diemer v. Weiss, 343 Mo. 626, 122 S.W.2d 922 banc 1938). As was said in Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville......
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    • Missouri Court of Appeals
    • 21 Mayo 1985
    ...when the claim is clearly barred...." (Emphasis His). State ex rel. General Electric Co., 666 S.W.2d at 768. Then, in State ex rel. D.M. v. Hoester, 681 S.W.2d 449 (Mo. banc 1984), the Court defined the meaning and reach of Morasch. More specifically, the Court stated that, in Morasch, "we ......
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