State ex rel. Massie v. Gahanna-Jefferson Pub. Schools Bd. of Edn., GAHANNA-JEFFERSON

• Decision Date: 02 October 1996
• Docket Number: GAHANNA-JEFFERSON,No. 96-276,96-276
• Citation: 669 N.E.2d 839,76 Ohio St.3d 584
• Parties: , 112 Ed. Law Rep. 421 The STATE ex rel. MASSIE v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OFPUBLIC SCHOOLS et al.
• Court: Ohio Supreme Court

Page 584

76 Ohio St.3d 584

669 N.E.2d 839, 112 Ed. Law Rep. 421

The STATE ex rel. MASSIE v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF GAHANNA-JEFFERSON PUBLIC SCHOOLS et al.

No. 96-276.

Supreme Court of Ohio.

Submitted July 24, 1996.

Decided Oct. 2, 1996.

Due to a projected deficit following the defeat of school operating levies, respondent Jack J. Schmidt, Superintendent of Gahanna-Jefferson Public Schools, proposed that respondent Board of Education of Gahanna-Jefferson Public Schools impose a student instructional fee. On August 10, 1995, the board adopted Schmidt's proposal and established a student instructional fee of twenty dollars per student in kindergarten, thirty-five dollars per student in grades one through five, forty dollars per student in grades six through eight, and forty-five dollars per student in grades nine through twelve. The instructional fee is assessed up to a maximum of three children per family and is waived for students in serious financial need. The instructional fee is in addition to certain class-specific fees at the high school level.

The instructional fees have been used by the board to purchase materials used in courses of instruction. The fees have not been used to purchase administrative materials or necessary textbooks. Included in the materials purchased by the board with the instructional fees are workbooks, notebooks, clipboards, maps, pencils, and copy paper used to reproduce learning aids, workbooks, and assignments. In a letter dated September 13, 1995, Superintendent Schmidt advised parents of Gahanna-Jefferson students that "[t]he money collected from the students will be used to buy workbooks and other materials used within the classroom."

Relator, John Massie, has three children, William, Samuel, and Jessica, who are students in Gahanna-Jefferson Public Schools. The board has withheld grades and credits for Massie's children because he did not pay the applicable student instructional fees for the 1995-1996 school year. Massie paid $65 in class-specific charges for William's twelfth grade art classes. William had seven other classes in twelfth grade that did not have class-specific charges. Massie also purchased sewing materials for Jessica to use in a class in lieu of being provided the same materials by school officials. According to the Massie children, they have not been given any other materials for classes.

Massie instituted this action for a writ of mandamus to compel the board and Schmidt to issue grades and credits to Massie's children. We granted an alternative writ and further granted Massie's motion to amend the complaint to indicate that this action is being brought in the name of the state on his relation. 75 Ohio St.3d 1424, 662 N.E.2d 26; see, also, R.C. 2731.04; State ex rel. Huntington Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Duryee (1995), 73 Ohio St.3d 530, 533, 653 N.E.2d 349, 353. After the parties filed evidence and Massie filed his merit brief, respondents failed to file a brief. Instead, respondents filed motions to dismiss the amended complaint and vacate the alternative writ as to the claim relating to William's grades and credits. Massie filed a memorandum opposing the motions, which contained affidavits of both Massie and William. Respondents then moved to strike these affidavits.

The cause is now before this court on the merits as well as on respondents' motions.

Alden & Associates Co., L.P.A., Matthew L. Alden and Erick R. Alden, Columbus, for relator.

Scott, Scriven & Wahoff, Julie C. Martin and Gregory B. Scott, Columbus, for respondents.

PER CURIAM.

Motions to Dismiss, Vacate, and Strike

As a preliminary matter, respondents request that we dismiss the complaint and vacate the alternative writ as to Massie's claim relating to his son William's grades and credits. Civ.R. 17(A) requires that "[e]very action shall be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest." A real party in interest is directly benefited or injured by the outcome of the case rather than merely having an interest in the action itself. State ex rel. Botkins v. Laws (1994), 69 Ohio St.3d 383, 387, 632 N.E.2d 897, 902.

Respondents assert that Massie is not a real party in interest as to William's grades and credits because his statutory duty to support William ceased when William became eighteen. The evidence presented established that William is an eighteen-year-old high school student. Respondents rely on R.C. 2151.03, which defines "neglected child," and R.C. 2151.011(B)(1)(a), which defines "child." Respondents' reliance is misplaced. The applicable provision is R.C. 3103.03(B) which provides that "the parental duty of support to children, including the duty of a parent to pay support pursuant to a child support order, shall continue beyond the age of majority as long as the child continuously attends on a full-time basis any recognized and accredited high school." Therefore, the fact that William had reached eighteen was not dispositive. The evidence presented pursuant to the alternative writ indicated that William was still attending high school on a full-time basis. Massie possessed a duty under R.C. 3103.03(B) to support William. Furthermore, the evidence established that William's grades are being withheld due to Massie's failure to pay his student instructional fee. Based on the foregoing, Massie is a real party in interest on his claim for the issuance of William's grades and credits. We overrule respondents' motions to dismiss and vacate. Since we need not consider the affidavits attached to Massie's memorandum in opposition to the motion in deciding the motion, respondents' motion to strike these affidavits is moot.

Mandamus; R.C. 3313.642

In his first proposition of law, Massie contends that a board of education cannot impose a fee for instruction or for consumable materials as part of a deficit reduction plan. Massie did not pay the student instructional fees for his three children because he believed that his children were entitled to a free public education.

The General Assembly "shall make such provisions, by taxation, or otherwise, as, with the income arising from the school trust fund, will secure a thorough and efficient system of common schools throughout the State." Section 2, Article VI, Ohio Constitution. R.C. 3313.48 provides that "[t]he board of education of each city, exempted village, local, and joint vocational school district shall provide for the free education of the youth of school age within the district under its jurisdiction * * *." See, also, R.C. 3313.64.

However, R.C. 3313.642 provides:

"Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 3313.48 and 3313.64 of the Revised Code, the board of education of a city, exempted village, or local school district shall not be required to furnish, free of charge, to the pupils attending the public schools any materials used in a course of instruction with the exception of the necessary textbooks required to be furnished without charge pursuant to section 3329.06 of the Revised Code. The board may, however, make provision by appropriations transferred from the general fund of the district or otherwise for furnishing free of charge any materials used in a course of instruction to such pupils as it determines are in serious financial need of such materials. * * * " (Emphasis added.)

Unlike tuition, which pays the costs of instruction or teaching, student fees charged by many educational institutions typically pay the costs of items actually used by students, such as textbooks and supplies. See, generally, 1 Rapp, Education Law (1996) 5-115, Section 5.04. According to Massie, R.C. 3313.642 does not authorize the student instructional fees charged by respondents. " 'In construing a statute, a court's paramount concern is the legislative intent in enacting the statute. * * * In determining legislative intent, the court first looks to the language in the statute and the purpose to be accomplished.' " State ex rel. Cassels v. Dayton City School Dist. Bd. of Edn. (1994), 69 Ohio St.3d 217, 220, 631 N.E.2d 150, 153, quoting State v. S.R. (1992), 63 Ohio St.3d 590, 594-595, 589 N.E.2d 1319, 1323. Words used in a statute must be taken in their usual, normal or customary meaning. R.C. 1.42; State ex rel. Solomon v. Police & Firemen's Disability & Pension Fund Bd. of Trustees (1995), 72 Ohio St.3d 62, 65, 647 N.E.2d 486, 489.

"Materials" are tools or articles needed to make or do something. Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1986) 1392. "Instruction" refers to teaching. Id. at 1172. Therefore, R.C. 3313.642 authorizes boards of education to charge fees for all articles used in courses where students are taught, with the exception of necessary textbooks required to be furnished under R.C. 3329.06 to pupils attending public schools. The General Assembly enacted R.C. 3313.642 to "relieve the undue burden placed upon boards of education because of inability to charge for materials in the course of instruction." Am.S.B. No. 214, Section 2, 128 Ohio Laws 286, 287 (1959).

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