State ex rel. Reed v. Heer

• Decision Date: 22 April 1966
• Citation: 22 McCanless 338,403 S.W.2d 310,218 Tenn. 338
• Parties: , 218 Tenn. 338 STATE of Tennessee ex rel. Dan Joseph REED, Plaintiff in Error, v. Henry HEER, Warden, Tennessee State Penitentiary, Defendant in Error.
• Court: Tennessee Supreme Court

Page 310

403 S.W.2d 310

22 McCanless 338, 218 Tenn. 338

STATE of Tennessee ex rel. Dan Joseph REED, Plaintiff in Error, v. Henry HEER, Warden, Tennessee State Penitentiary, Defendant in Error.

Supreme Court of Tennessee.

April 22, 1966.

Harry U. Scruggs, Jr., Memphis, Riley, Pritchard & Scruggs, Memphis, of counsel, for plaintiff in error.

George F. McCanless, Atty. Gen., and William H. Lassiter, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., Nashville, for defendant in error.

OPINION

WHITE, Justice.

This case presents for determination the legal merits of a petition for habeas corpus which has been transferred and heard before the original convicting court, pursuant to T.C.A. § 23--1840, Chapter 234 of the Public Acts of 1965. That statute is as follows:

The chief justice of the Supreme Court of Tennessee is hereby authorized and empowered to fix the venue and assign for trial, hearing and disposition all habeas corpus cases filed in any state court by an inmate of the several state penitentiaries wherein said inmate is seeking his release and discharge from the custody of the warden of said institution.

The chief justice of the Supreme Court of Tennessee, in his discretion, is authorized and empowerd to fix the venue, and assign said habeas corpus cases for trial and disposition, such trial to be held in any other state court and at some other place in the state, as it may appear to be in the best interests of all the parties involved in such litigation.

While a full evidentiary hearing may not be warranted or proper for every petition for habeas corpus in this State, nevertheless a petition alleging sufficient facts to establish that petitioner's conviction was void because of alleged denial of constitutional rights, Federal or State, necessitates a trial of those facts under the aforesaid Act. The attack on a criminal judgment on the grounds that it is void because of lack of constitutional due process deserves particular scrutiny. Otherwise, those decisions of this Court and the Supreme Court of the United States which vitiate convictions based on oppressive police treatment and uncounseled pleadings are uselessly invoked in habeas corpus petitions. As was stated, and thoroughly documented, in Fay v. Noia, 372 U.S. 391, 83 S.Ct. 822, 9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963):

It is of the historical essence of habeas corpus that it lies to test proceedings so fundamentally lawless that imprisonment pursuant to them is not merely erroneous but void.

We note also the concurring opinion of Mr. Justice Brennan in Case v. State of Nebraska, 381 U.S. 336, 85 S.Ct. 1486, 14 L.Ed.2d 422 (1965):

Our federal system entrusts the States with primary responsibility for the administration of their criminal laws. The Fourteenth Amendment and the Supremacy Clause make requirements of fair and just procedures an integral part of those laws, and state procedures should ideally include adequate administration of these guarantees as well. If, by effective processes, the States assumed this burden, the exhaustion requirement of 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (1958 ed.) would clearly promote state primacy in the implementation of these guarantees. Of greater importance, it would assure not only that meritorious claims would generally be vindicated without any need for federal court intervention, but that nonmeritorious claims would be fully ventilated, * * *.

The foregoing observations are meant merely to emphasize that an evidentiary hearing was properly held and recorded in the instant case. It remains for this Court to decide whether the petition is sufficient in law and whether the facts as found by the lower court on hearing have evidentiary support.

On May 19, 1964, petitioner, Dan Joseph Reed, represented by the Public Defender of Shelby County, was convicted, upon his plea of guilty on three separate indictments charging robbery with a deadly weapon. He was sentenced to twenty years imprisonment, and he is now in the State Penitentiary in Nashville. Petitioner asserts essentially five grounds as the basis for habeas corpus relief:

1. Upon his arrest on March 12, 1963, he was not immediately taken before a committing magistrate.

2. He received brutal beatings by the police authorities during the two days, March 12 to March 14, 1963, he was held for questioning.

3. He was not given a proper preliminary hearing.

4. He was denied counsel at the time he entered a plea before the judge on 'preliminary hearing.'

5. His court-appointed counsel did not adequately represent him.

At the outset, we observe that petitioner has failed to comply with the requirements of T.C.A. § 23--1807(2), in that he has not annexed a copy of the legal process or judgment under which he is restrained, nor given a satisfactory reason for its absence. We have held repeatedly that the requirements for the contents of the petition, set out in T.C.A. § 23--1807, are mandatory. State ex rel. Kuntz v. Bomar, 214 Tenn. 500, 381 S.W.2d 290 (1964); Bateman v. Smith, 183 Tenn. 541, 194 S.W.2d 336 (1946). We do not here retreat from these holdings in any way; on the contrary we reaffirm them. Nevertheless, we choose in the alternative to dispose of the case on its merits, as we wish to clarify some of the points at issue.

Petitioner first contends that he was not immediately taken before a committing magistrate after his arrest, as required by T.C.A. § 40--1101. This statute does not require that a prisoner be taken immediately before a committing magistrate, but merely prescribes what shall take place at the time the prisoner is taken before the magistrate.

T.C.A. § 40--604 states that 'no person can be committed to prison for any criminal matter, until examination thereof be first had before some magistrate.' This section does not prohibit the holding of an accused for questioning before taking him to a committing magistrate or before arraignment. Hardin v. State, 210 Tenn. 116, 355 S.W.2d 105, 356 S.W.2d 595 (1962); VanZandt v. State, Tenn., 402 S.W.2d 130, decided March 2, 1966. A holding of two days, nothing else appearing, does not violate constitutional due process or § 40--604. Dupes v. State, 209 Tenn. 506, 354 S.W.2d 453 (1962); East v. State, 197 Tenn. 644, 277 S.W.2d 361 (1955). We find no denial of constitutional due process in this allegation or in the proof offered in support of it.

Petitioner next contends that he received brutal beatings from the police during the period he was questioned from March 12 to March 14, 1963. No confession or admission was ever elicited from petitioner during this period. Regardless of whether beatings took place, then, none of the coerciveness proscribed by Escobedo v. State of Illinois, 378 U.S. 478, 84 S.Ct. 1758, 12 L.Ed.2d 977, (1964), or any other cases, took place. There is, in fact, strong evidence in the record from the testimony of police officers that no beatings took place. Petitioner's allegation that he was held incommunicado for the two days he was questioned similarly affords him no relief under the federal or state constitutions.

It is alleged in the petition that the preliminary hearing was improper, was a sham, and in essence no 'hearing' at all. We find that there is no constitutional mandate requiring the state to hold a preliminary hearing. Dillard v. Bomar, 342 F.2d 789 (6th Cir. 1965); Green v. Bomar, 6 Cir., 329 F.2d 796 (1964). In fact, our Code states that when the grand jury of the county is in session, as it is continuously in Shelby County, the magistrate shall not hold a hearing unless the accused pleads guilty. T.C.A. § 40--402. Petitioner, on the contrary, entered a plea of 'not guilty' at the proceedings before the city magistrate on March 14. In Green v. Bomar, supra, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit makes this statement, with which we concur:

Assuming the appellant was not given a preliminary hearing, his constitutional rights were not violated. This does not constitute a denial of due process of law. A criminal case may be taken directly before the grand jury and an indictment returned by that body on testimony of witnesses. The appellant misconstrues the phrase ...