State v. Beltran

• Decision Date: 04 February 1992
• Docket Number: CA-CR,No. 1,1
• Citation: 170 Ariz. 406,825 P.2d 27
• Parties: STATE of Arizona, Appellee, v. Victor Martin BELTRAN, Appellant. 91-292.
• Court: Arizona Court of Appeals

Page 27

825 P.2d 27

170 Ariz. 406

STATE of Arizona, Appellee, v. Victor Martin BELTRAN, Appellant.

No. 1 CA-CR 91-292.

Court of Appeals of Arizona Division 1, Department E.

Feb. 4, 1992.

[170 Ariz. 407] Grant Woods, Atty. Gen. by Paul J. McMurdie, Chief Counsel, Crim. Div., and Diane M. Ramsey, Asst. Atty. Gen., Phoenix, for appellee.

Dean W. Trebesch, Maricopa County Public Defender by Alex D. Gonzalez, Deputy Public Defender, Phoenix, for appellant.

OPINION

VOSS, Presiding Judge.

The sole issue on appeal is whether defendant, Victor Martin Beltran, was properly ordered to pay a 40% penalty assessment (surcharge) pursuant to Ariz.Rev.Stat.Ann. (A.R.S.) § 41-2403 as amended, or whether the trial court should have ordered him to pay a 37% surcharge as required by section 41-2403 when he committed the offense. We find that the trial court improperly required defendant to pay the surcharge required by the amended statute and remand with instructions.

Section 41-2403 provides that in addition to any other penalty assessment provided by law, there shall be levied a surcharge on every fine. At the time defendant committed the offense, November 12, 1989, the surcharge was 37%. However, effective October 1, 1990, the legislature increased the surcharge to 40%. Defendant entered into a plea agreement and the trial court sentenced him on February 20, 1991. As part of sentencing, the court ordered defendant to pay a $2,000.00 fine and a $800.00 surcharge, which represents 40% of the fine imposed. Presumably, the court ordered a 40% surcharge, rather than a 37% surcharge, because section 41-2403 became effective prior to sentencing.

Defendant argues that the court's order to pay a 40% surcharge violated the prohibition against ex post facto laws. The state concedes that imposition of a 40% surcharge may have been a violation of the prohibition against ex post facto laws if this court determines that the statute requiring the surcharge is substantive, rather than procedural, in nature.

To determine whether the increased surcharge imposed on defendant was an ex post facto law, we must determine whether the statute increasing the additional penalty is procedural or substantive in nature. We find that the law is substantive and accordingly, application of the amended statute was a violation of the prohibition against ex post facto laws.

In order for a law to be ex post facto, it must either make criminal that which was innocent when committed, increase the punishment or aggravate any crime previously committed, alter the rules of evidence by receiving less or different proof than required at the time of the commission or deprive the accused of a substantial right or immunity possessed at the time of commission. State v. Van Arsdale, 133 Ariz. 579, 653 P.2d 36 (App.1982). Any additional or increased penalty provided for a crime after its commission is ex post facto within the constitutional prohibition. State v. Mendivil, 121 Ariz. 600, 592 P.2d 1256 (1979).

In State v. Weinbrenner, 164 Ariz. 592, 795 P.2d 235 (App.1990) this court noted that the prohibition against ex post facto laws is deeply rooted in constitutional law. Citing Beazell v. Ohio, 269 U.S. 167, 46 S.Ct. 68, 70 L.Ed. 216 (1925) we explained that the prohibition against ex post facto laws "was intended to secure substantial personal rights against arbitrary and oppressive legislation, and not to limit the legislative control of remedies and modes of procedure which do not affect matters of substance." Weinbrenner, 164 Ariz. at 593, 795 P.2d at 236.

Thus, if the law in question merely changes procedural rights, it is not ex post facto. Id. Statutory changes are procedural if they have neither made criminal a previously innocent act nor aggravated a crime previously...