State v. Burgess

• Citation: 356 S.C. 572,590 S.E.2d 42
• Decision Date: 15 December 2003
• Docket Number: No. 3714.,3714.
• Parties: The STATE, Respondent, v. Virginia BURGESS, Appellant.
• Court: South Carolina Court of Appeals

356 S.C. 572

590 S.E.2d 42

The STATE, Respondent, v. Virginia BURGESS, Appellant.

No. 3714.

Court of Appeals of South Carolina.

Heard November 5, 2003.

Decided December 15, 2003.

Deputy Chief Attorney Joseph L. Savitz, III and Senior Assistant Appellate Defender Wanda H. Haile, both of the South Carolina Office of Appellate Defense, of Columbia, for Appellant.

Attorney General Henry Dargan McMaster, Chief Deputy Attorney General John W. McIntosh, Assistant Deputy Attorney General Donald J. Zelenka, Sr., Assistant Attorney General William Edgar Salter, III, all of Columbia; and Solicitor Cecil Kelley Jackson, of Sumter, for Respondent.

GOOLSBY, J.

Following an almost daylong drinking episode, Virginia Burgess killed her intoxicated husband sometime during the evening of August 7, 1998. She stabbed him forty-seven times. At trial, Burgess claimed not to remember anything about the evening after the two had argued. A jury convicted her of murder and possession of a weapon during a violent crime. The trial court sentenced her to thirty years imprisonment for murder and five years for the weapons charge, the sentences to run concurrently. On appeal, Burgess argues the trial court abused its discretion by not ordering a psychiatric examination pursuant to section 44-23-410 of the South Carolina Code ¹ to determine her competency to stand trial. We disagree and affirm. At a pretrial motions hearing held on the eve of trial in May 2000, nearly two years following the decedent's death, defense counsel, who had undertaken the defense of Burgess three months before in February 2000, moved to have the trial court order an evaluation of Burgess's competency to stand trial. Counsel asserted an inability to talk intelligently with her, stated his conversations with her led him to believe she could not assist in her own defense, and pointed to prior I.Q. tests that reflected that Burgess's I.Q. registered between 56 and 66. He offered no medical or mental health records in support of the motion and referred only to records that related to her alcoholism and mental retardation.²

The trial judge examined Burgess under oath to determine if she understood the pending charges, the purpose of the proceedings, and the roles of the individuals involved. Burgess said that she understood what she was charged with, that the State claimed she had killed her husband in August of that year; that her lawyer's role was "to represent" her and the prosecutor's role was to "talk against me"; and that a jury would determine her guilt or innocence. Burgess acknowledged that when she talked to her lawyer, she thought she would be able to tell him her side of the story; and that the State would offer witnesses to testify against her and her lawyer would have an opportunity to question them.

Noting that Burgess's demeanor in the courtroom "has been very appropriate" and pointing to the lack of any medical opinion regarding her competence to stand trial, the trial judge denied the request for a psychiatric examination. He found Burgess "seemed ... able to understand everything" he had asked her, appeared to understand the proceedings and the role of trial participants, was able to identify the person whom she was alleged to have killed and to state when the killing was alleged to have occurred, and understood the charges made against her.

Defense counsel renewed at trial the motion for a psychiatric examination of Burgess; however, the trial judge denied the motion.

The question of whether to order a competency examination falls within the discretion of the trial judge whose decision will not be overturned on appeal absent a clear showing of an abuse of that discretion.³ Burgess made no clear showing of an abuse of discretion here.

By statute, the question of whether a defendant is fit to stand trial depends upon whether the defendant, because of a lack of mental capacity, cannot "understand the proceedings" or "assist in his [or her] own defense."⁴ Factors to be considered in determining whether further inquiry into a defendant's fitness to stand trial is warranted include evidence of his or her irrational behavior, his or her demeanor at trial, and any prior medical opinion on his or her competence to stand trial.⁵ In some circumstances, the presence of just one of these factors may justify a trial court's ordering a further inquiry into a defendant's competency to undergo trial.⁶

Here, Burgess had not previously been adjudicated incompetent to stand trial; the record does not belie the trial judge's observation that her demeanor during the pretrial motion appeared to be "very appropriate";⁷ and the record of the pretrial motion hearing manifests she understood the proceedings, the roles of the various participants, and the charges leveled against her. Beyond defense counsel's statements regarding his inability to talk intelligently with Burgess and his opinion that she could not assist in her own defense, counsel offered nothing to demonstrate that Burgess's mental retardation was such as to render her unfit to stand trial.⁸ Under these circumstances we are not inclined to second guess the trial judge and hold he did not clearly abuse his discretion in denying Burgess's motion for a mental examination regarding her fitness to stand trial.⁹

AFFIRMED.

ANDERSON, J., concurs.

CONNOR, J., dissents in a separate opinion.

CONNOR, J.

I respectfully dissent. In my opinion, the trial judge abused his discretion by failing to order a psychological evaluation of Burgess where there was reason to believe Burgess could not assist her attorney.

Burgess was represented by counsel from the time of the incident. Although counsel discussed with the solicitor the possibility of Burgess having a competency evaluation, counsel never made a motion to have the evaluation performed. Burgess obtained new counsel in February 2000, three months before trial.

During the pre-trial conference the day before trial, the solicitor recounted the procedural history of the case and noted that Burgess had a long history of alcohol abuse and blackouts. Burgess' new counsel requested a psychological evaluation. Counsel informed the judge that he requested an evaluation as soon as he was appointed to the case, but there was confusion over whether the State consented. Counsel argued Burgess had "mental health deficiencies," could not intelligently converse with him, had a recent IQ test showing an IQ of 61, and was unable to assist in her defense. Counsel could not discuss the case with Burgess because she did not understand what he was talking about. According to counsel, Burgess' only focus was when she was getting out of jail.

Counsel quoted from the December 2, 1998, affidavit by Dr. Keith. Dr. Keith opined that Burgess exhibited borderline mental retardation, behaved like a child, and posed no threat to others. Dr. Keith stated that Burgess needed medical procedures to evaluate her mental and physical problems, including an EEG, an MRI, consultation with a neurologist, and a PGI workup. It is not clear that the neurological examination was ever performed.

The only psychological evaluations ever performed on Burgess were in connection with her prior hospitalizations for alcohol abuse and in connection with her application for SSI.¹⁰ The tests did not address the issue of competency. One test indicated Burgess had a very low survival skills quotient of 45. Because no prior competency evaluations had been performed on Burgess, counsel did not have any further medical evidence to present to the trial judge.

As the majority opinion notes, Burgess appeared to respond appropriately to the questions posed by the trial judge during questioning. However, most of Burgess' answers were a simple "yes, sir" to the judge's questions. Although Burgess identified the charge of "murder," the victim, the month of the crime, and her attorney's role, she was unclear as to the role of the solicitor. Specifically, she appeared to be guessing when answering that the solicitor's role was to "Talk against me?" Burgess also informed the judge that she had not really spoken with counsel "like we should." When asked by the judge if she could tell her side of the story to her attorney, she responded, "I think." Burgess' counsel informed the trial judge that Burgess' communication skills that day were better than they ever were when he attempted to discuss the case with her prior to that time and that he could not determine whether "guilty but mentally ill" was applicable to Burgess at that point. Citing only Burgess' apparent understanding of the roles of the parties and the charges against her, the trial judge denied counsel's motion for a competency evaluation.

Counsel requested reconsideration of his motion at the start of trial, arguing that, as appointed counsel, he did not have the funds to get a psychological evaluation of Burgess performed prior to trial. He informed the judge again about his difficulties in consulting with Burgess, and he argued the evaluation was necessary to determine what defenses could be pursued. Counsel stated as follows:

I don't believe I can talk to her a little bit. She's very hard to talk to and you almost need a third party like an Ann Kirven who is at the alcohol and drug abuse department to do that because she's—over the years of dealing with [Burgess], she's earned [Burgess'] trust and she opens up a little bit more to her even though it's a little bit incoherent.

Citing State v. Blair, 275 S.C. 529, 273 S.E.2d 536 (1981), the judge denied the request, finding Burgess did not exhibit irrational behavior, her demeanor was appropriate, and there was no medical evidence to support further inquiry into competence.

Trial judges have a duty to order a psychiatric examination for a defendant if there is reason to believe the defendant is not fit to stand trial because of an inability to understand the proceedings or an inability to assist in her...