State v. Chapman
Decision Date | 28 June 1991 |
Docket Number | No. 65649,65649 |
Parties | STATE of Kansas, Appellee, v. Timothy C. CHAPMAN, Appellant. |
Court | Kansas Court of Appeals |
Syllabus by the Court
1. An amendment to K.S.A. 22-3404, effective July 1, 1990, which eliminated the right to a jury trial in a traffic infraction case, cannot be applied retroactively to deny an accused the right to a jury trial for an offense committed prior to the effective date of the amendment.
2. The fundamental rule is that a statute operates prospectively unless its language clearly indicates that the legislature intended it to operate retroactively. An exception to the fundamental rule is that if the statutory change does not prejudicially affect the substantive rights of the parties and is merely procedural or remedial in nature, it applies retroactively.
3. In general terms, substantive law is that which creates duties, rights, and obligations, while procedural or remedial law prescribes methods of enforcement of rights or obtaining redress.
4. K.S.A. 77-201 provides in part that the repeal of a statute does not affect any right which accrued, any duty imposed, any penalty incurred, or any proceeding commenced under or by virtue of the statute repealed.
Harold T. McCubbin of Harold T. McCubbin, Chartered, Norton, for appellant.
Steven W. Hirsch, County Atty., and Robert T. Stephan, Atty. Gen., for appellee.
Before BRAZIL, P.J., RULON, J., and DAVID S. KNUDSON, District Judge, Assigned.
Timothy C. Chapman, defendant, appeals his conviction for speeding (K.S.A.1990 Supp. 8-1336), claiming that he was denied his right to trial by jury. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.
The material, undisputed facts are as follows:
On March 23, 1990, Chapman was issued a traffic citation for driving 73 miles per hour in a 55 mile per hour zone in Decatur County. On April 18, 1990, Chapman filed a demand for jury trial.
K.S.A.1989 Supp. 22-3404(1), effective at the time of the offense, provided:
The 1990 Kansas Legislature amended 22-3404, adding the following language: "The trial of traffic infraction cases shall be to the court." L.1990, ch. 109, § 1; K.S.A.1990 Supp. 22-3404(5). The amended law became effective on July 1, 1990.
On July 31, 1990, the district court sent a letter to counsel saying:
At trial, Chapman's counsel renewed his request for a jury trial. The district court again denied the request, saying:
Chapman contends that the new version of K.S.A. 22-3404 should not be applied retroactively to deny him a right to jury trial for an offense committed in March 1990. Our Supreme Court recently restated the law of prospective versus retroactive application of statutes in State v. Sutherland, 248 Kan. 96, 106, 804 P.2d 970 (1991):
The question present here is whether Chapman's right to a jury trial is substantive or procedural. At the outset, it should be noted that the right to trial by jury is guaranteed by both the United States and Kansas Constitutions. U.S. Const. Amendment 6; Kan. Const. Bill of Rights, § 5. In Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145, 88 S.Ct. 1444, 20 L.Ed.2d 491, reh. denied 392 U.S. 947, 88 S.Ct. 2270, 20 L.Ed.2d 1412 (1968), the United States Supreme Court held that trial by jury was a fundamental right which must be preserved by the states under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Duncan court said:
"Because we believe that trial by jury in criminal cases is fundamental to the American scheme of justice, we hold that the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees a right of jury trial in all criminal cases which--were they to be tried in a federal court--would come within the Sixth Amendment's guarantee." 391 U.S. at 149, 88 S.Ct. at 1447.
Chapman concedes that the legislature has the power to make jury trials unavailable in the case of traffic infractions. He notes the recent case of Blanton v. North Las Vegas, 489 U.S. 538, 109 S.Ct. 1289, 103 L.Ed.2d 550 (1989), which stated:
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76 Hawai'i 360, State v. Nakata
...Appellants cite cases from other jurisdictions holding that the right to a jury trial is a substantive right. See State v. Chapman, 15 Kan.App.2d 643, 814 P.2d 449 (1991); and Bertolino v. Industrial Comm'n of Ohio, 43 Ohio St.3d 44, 538 N.E.2d 1040, reh'g denied, 44 Ohio St.3d 706, 541 N.E......
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Central Kansas Credit Union v. Mutual Guar. Corp.
...obligations, while procedural or remedial law prescribes methods of enforcement of rights or obtaining redress.'" State v. Chapman, 15 Kan.App.2d 643, 646, 814 P.2d 449 (1991) (quoting State, ex rel. Holdridge v. Industrial Commission, 11 Ohio St.2d 175, 178, 40 O.O.2d 162, 228 N.E.2d 621 C......
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In re Quillen
...very similar circumstances, a panel of this court has held the right to a jury trial is a substantive right. State v. Chapman , 15 Kan. App. 2d 643, 646, 814 P.2d 449 (1991). In March 1990, Chapman received a traffic citation for speeding. At the time, K.S.A. 1989 Supp. 22–3404(1) provided:......
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Central Kansas Credit Union v. Mutual Guar. Corp., 95-3135
...refers only to "the mode of proceeding by which a legal right is enforced." Nitchals, 590 P.2d at 587. See also State v. Chapman, 15 Kan.App.2d 643, 814 P.2d 449, 451 (1991) (defining procedural or remedial law as "that which prescribes methods of enforcement of rights or obtaining redress"......