State v. Fixaris

• Decision Date: 07 November 1974
• Citation: 327 A.2d 850
• Parties: STATE of Maine v. Richard J. FIXARIS.
• Court: Maine Supreme Court

Page 850

327 A.2d 850

STATE of Maine v. Richard J. FIXARIS.

Supreme Judicial Court of Maine.

Nov. 7, 1974.

Arthur B. Kettle, Lawrence J. Zuckerman, Asst. Attys. Gen., Portland, Robert S. Raymond, Asst. Atty. Gen., Augusta, for plaintiff.

Norman S. Reef, Daniel W. Mooers, Portland, for defendant.

Before DUFRESNE, C. J., and WEATHERBEE, POMEROY, WERNICK, ARCHIBALD and DELAHANTY, JJ.

POMEROY, Justice.

Does the provision, 'Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to prohibit a court from filing a case upon payment of costs without a conviction.', which is found in 4 M.R.S.A. 173(1), authorize a District Court Judge to 'file' a case before plea over the objection of the State so as to permanently terminate its prosecution?

A District Court Judge concluded it did.

He thereupon attempted to do just that.

Nearly four months later the State filed a 'Motion to Withdraw Complaint from Files and Redocket for Trial.' Hearing was held before the same Judge who had ordered the case filed.

The motion was denied.

Seasonably pursuant to 15 M.R.S.A. 2115-A the State appealed.

We sustain the appeal

The factual framework in which the issue now before us arose may be stated as follows:

The defendant was arrested for violation of 29 M.R.S.A. 1312 (operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor), on February 25, 1972.

A criminal complaint charging commission of the offense was issued.

After many continuances, hearing was scheduled on the complaint for August 8, 1972. On that date lengthy discussion between attorneys for the State, attorneys for the defendant and the Court was had.

On August 11, 1974, following a brief unscheduled discussion with both counsel, the District Court Judge on his own motion and over the objections of the State, ordered the case filed upon payment of 'costs' which he taxed at $500.00.

4 M.R.S.A. 173 was cited as authority for his so doing.

There long has been a practice in this State, where good cause is shown, to place a complaint or indictment on file after conviction or to continue the case to a later time for sentence. Fitzherbert v. State, Me., 229 A.2d 697 (1967).

Such practice by a permanent court of general jurisdiction having stated terms for the trial of criminal cases, received approval in Tuttle v. Lang, 100 Me. 123, 126, 60 A. 892 (1905). Later in St. Hilaire, Petitioner, 101 Me. 522, 525, 64 A. 882 (1906), this Court said:

'We have recognized the power of courts of general jurisdiction, having stated terms for the trial of criminal cases, for good cause to place the indictment on file or continue the case to a subsequent term for sentence. Tuttle v. Lang, 100 Me. 123. Such practice has long existed in this state, New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Sylvester v. State, 65 N.H. 193, 20 A. 954; Com. v. Dowdican's Bail, 115 Mass. 133.'

The St. Hilaire Court then continued:

'In the last case cited, which is similar to the one under consideration, the court, by Gray, C. J., say, 'Such an order is not equivalent to a final judgment, nor to a nolle prosequi, nor discontinuance, by which the case is put out of court; but is a mere suspending of active proceedings in the case, which dispenses with the necessity of entering formal continuances upon the docket, and leaves it within the power of the court at any time, upon the motion of either party, to bring the case forward and pass any lawful order or judgment therein."

The only statutory language which (prior to the enactment of 4 M.R.S.A. 173) arguably appears to have suggested that it was within the power of the Court, acting on its own motion, to finally dispose of a case by placing it on file and thereby terminate the proceedings, is found in P.L.1959, c. 209.

'The court, or any justice thereof in vacation, under appropriate circumstances, shall have authority to place the case on file with or without plea, or to grant a motion made by the prosecuting officer to enter a nolle prosequi as to part or all of said information.'

The Legislative Record is completely silent as to the reasons which prompted the Legislature to insert this language in the amendment to the statute relating to 'Waiver of Indictment' which had been enacted in 1955. P.L.1957, c. 3 (later 15 M.R.S.A. 811).

It is noted many other changes in the statute were made at that time.

Subsequently, in 1965, 15 M.R.S.A. 811 was repealed by P.L.1965, c. 356, Sec. 32. The effective date of the repealing statute was December 1, 1965. Simultaneously Rule 7(b), M.R.Crim.P., the purpose of which was to govern 'information' procedure, became viable. Rule 7(b) contained none of the language referred to above which was found in P.L.1959, c. 209. ¹

We conclude that P.L.1959, c. 209, Sec. 33, did not authorize the Court or any Justic thereof in vacation, on his own motion to finally terminate the prosecution of a case before or after plea.

The 'filing' described in P.L.1959, c. 209, Sec. 33, and 4 M.R.S.A. 173, we conclude, was intended to describe the same kind of action discussed in Commonwealth v. Dowdican's Bail, 115 Mass. 133 (1874), i. e., 'a mere suspending of active proceedings in the case,' leaving it 'within the power of the Court at any time upon the motion of either party, to bring the case forward and pass any lawful order or judgment therein.'

We have traced the legislative history of 4 M.R.S.A. 173, (the statute relied on by the District Court Judge for authority to file this case before plea over the objections of the State). We find the language upon which reliance was had by the Judge was not included in the original act creating a District Court (P.L. 161, c. 386). Rather, it was included as part of an amendment, title 'An Act amending Certain Statutes to Conform to the District Court Law.' (P.L.1963, c. 402, Sec. 238).

There is nothing in the Legislative Record indicating such language was intended to confer upon a Judge the power to permanently dispose of a case on his own motion.

Our Constitution gives this positive direction to the three branches of government:

'The powers of this government shall be divided into three distinct departments, the legislative, executive and judicial.

'No person or persons, belonging to one of these departments, shall exercise any of the powers properly belonging to either of the others, except in the cases herein expressly directed or permitted.' Me.Const. art. 3, §§ 1, 2.

If a statute is susceptible of two interpretations, one of which will render it unconstitutional and the other will not, the latter should be adopted. In re Stubbs, 141 Me. 143, 39 A.2d 853 (1944); Hamilton et al. in Equity, v. Portland Pier Site District et al., 120 Me. 15, 24, 112 A. 836 (1921).

A statute which purports to give the judicial branch of government the right to determine on its own motion when prosecution of a criminal case will be had and when it will not, is of doubtful constitutional validity.

Should the judicial branch of government be permitted to usurp a function assigned by the Constitution to the executive department,

'it would come to pass that the possession by the Judicial Department of power to permanently refuse to enforce a law would result in the destruction of the conceded powers of the other departments and hence leave no law to be enforced.' Ex parte United States, 242 U.S. 27, 42, 37 S.Ct. 72, 74, 61 L.Ed. 129 (1916), accord, In re United States, 286 F.2d 556 (1st Cir. 1961), rev'd on other grounds, 369 U.S. 141, 82 S.Ct. 671, 7 L.Ed.2d 629 (1962).

It must always be presumed the Legislature intended to act consistently with the Constitution. Ace Tire Co.,...