State v. Knox
Decision Date | 03 July 1914 |
Docket Number | 8864. |
Citation | 82 S.E. 278,98 S.C. 114 |
Parties | STATE v. KNOX. |
Court | South Carolina Supreme Court |
Appeal from General Sessions Circuit Court of Anderson County; H. F Rice, Judge.
"To be officially reported."
Ab Knox was convicted of assault and battery of a high and aggravated nature, and he appeals. Reversed and remanded.
A. H Dagnall, of Anderson, for appellant.
P. A Bonham, Sol., of Greenville, for the State.
The defendant was indicted for assault and battery with intent to kill, and was convicted of assault and battery of a high and aggravated nature.
The first question that will be considered is whether there was error, on the part of his honor the presiding judge, in allowing the solicitor to cross-examine the defendant, over his objection, as to other quarrels, not connected in any way with the offense for which he was on trial, when he had not introduced testimony as to his reputation for peace and good order.
The record shows that the following took place during the cross-examination of the defendant by the solicitor:
His honor the presiding judge also allowed the solicitor to ask the defendant the following questions on cross-examination:
There is a marked distinction between the credibility and the character of a witness.
"There is a wide difference between character and conduct for a time, and one equally wide between general character and proper credit on a special trial or occasion." Chapman v. Cooley, 12 Rich. 654; State v. Jones, 29 S.C. 201, 7 S.E. 296; State v. Wallace, 44 S.C. 357, 22 S.E. 411; State v. Rice, 49 S.C. 418, 27 S.E. 452, 61 Am. St. Rep. 516; State v. Summer, 55 S.C. 32, 32 S.E. 771, 74 Am. St. Rep. 707; State v. Stukes, 73 S.C. 386, 53 S.E. 643.
The general rule for attacking the credibility or character of a witness is fully stated in the case of Sweet v. Gilmore , 52 S.C. 530, 30 S.E. 395, cited with approval in State v. Gibson, 83 S.C. 34, 64 S.E. 607, 916.
In the case of State v. Robertson, 26 S.C. 121, 1 S.E. 445, the court held that the generally accepted doctrine was that where the defendant testifies in his own behalf his character for truth and veracity is thereby uncovered but not his general moral character. In that case the following language from Whart. Cr. Evid. §§ 429, 433, was quoted with approval:
A witness may decline to answer a question tending to subject him to a criminal prosecution. State v. Mitchell, 56 S.C. 524, 35 S.E. 210.
"The defendant, when sworn in his own behalf, may be asked on cross-examination about any of his past transactions tending to affect his credibility, but not about such as affect his character in other respects." State v. Mills, 79 S.C. 187, 60 S.E. 664.
The testimony to which the defendant interposed objections did not tend to impeach his credibility, and, as he had not put his character in issue for peace and good order, the testimony was not admissible.
Gr. on Evid. § 451.
It will thus be seen that there are three reasons why the testimony was erroneously admitted: (1) Because it did not tend to affect the credibility of the witness; (2) such testimony tended to subject the defendant to a penal liability or to some kind of punishment, or to a criminal charge; and (3) because the defendant had not put in issue his character for peace and good order. The exceptions raising this question are sustained.
The next assignment of error is as follows:
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