State v. Kotlers, 97-1624
| Decision Date | 17 February 1999 |
| Docket Number | No. 97-1624,97-1624 |
| Parties | STATE of Iowa, Appellee, v. Norbert Antone KOTLERS, Appellant. |
| Court | Iowa Supreme Court |
Scott L. Hippen of Hippen Law Office, Ames, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, David A. Ferree, Special Assistant Attorney General, and Carolyn J. Olson and Mark Hunacek, Assistant Attorneys General, for appellee.
Considered by McGIVERIN, C.J., and HARRIS, CARTER, SNELL, and TERNUS, JJ.
This is an appeal from the district court's denial of defendant's application for restoration of his eligibility for a motor vehicle license. Defendant was convicted for the third time of operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated and as a consequence suffered the revocation of his privilege to operate a motor vehicle for six years. Having considered defendant's appeal, we affirm.
On July 26, 1995, the defendant, Norbert Kotlers, was convicted of operating while intoxicated in violation of Iowa Code section 321J.2 (1995). Because he had previously been convicted of OWI in 1978 and 1979, the court directed the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) to revoke Kotlers' driver's license for a six-year period pursuant to Iowa Code section 321J.4(3)(a).
On June 24, 1997, the DOT (apparently mistakenly) notified Kotlers that his license revocation would end on that date.
On June 26, 1997, Kotlers filed an application for restoration of his eligibility for a motor vehicle license pursuant to Iowa Code section 321J.4(3)(b). A hearing was held July 23, 1997. In an order entered on July 30, 1997, the district court denied the application on the basis of the legislative repeal, effective July 1, 1997, of the early restoration provisions contained in section 321J.4(3)(b). See 1997 Iowa Acts ch. 177, § 9. The court determined that with the repeal it had no authority to consider the restoration of Kotlers' eligibility for a motor vehicle license.
On August 1, 1997, Kotlers filed a motion to reconsider pursuant to Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 179(b), asserting he should still be entitled to restoration of his eligibility for a driver's license because such restoration was allowed when the revocation was imposed. Kotlers further claimed that a legislative amendment to Iowa Code section 321J.2 directed that any conviction or revocation deleted from the motor vehicle operating records of the DOT should not be considered a previous offense in license revocation proceedings and that amended section 321.12 instructed the department to delete records of convictions and revocations more than twelve years old. See id. §§ 1, 4 (codified at Iowa Code §§ 321.12(4), 321J.2(4)(a) (Supp.1997)). Kotlers claimed that the DOT's present driving records did not establish a basis for a six-year revocation because his earlier convictions were more than twelve years old.
At a hearing on the motion to reconsider Kotlers raised a claim that the repeal of the early restoration provisions violated his rights to equal protection by irrationally discriminating against him when his present driving record provides no basis for a six-year revocation. Kotlers further claimed that the repeal constituted an improper ex post facto law by increasing his punishment after his conviction.
On August 25, 1997, the district court entered an order denying the motion to reconsider. The court determined that the now-repealed early restoration provisions could not be construed as giving the district court the authority to order early restoration of Kotlers' driving privileges without statutory authority. The court further concluded that because the earlier order imposed a six-year revocation, the repeal did not involve an impermissible ex post facto law increasing the penalty against Kotlers.
On September 4, 1997, Kotlers filed a motion to amend or enlarge the findings of the August 25 order pursuant to Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 179(b). Kotlers asserted in part that the repeal denied his right to equal protection because his convictions more than twelve years old would not presently be included in his driving record for determining his eligibility for a motor vehicle license. He also claimed the repeal of section 321J.4(3)(b) violated equal protection. Kotlers asserted that he would be deprived of equal protection if his license remained revoked. On September 4, 1997, the district court entered an order denying Kotlers' motion.
On September 11, 1997, Kotlers filed a notice of appeal.
Constitutional issues of equal protection and an ex post facto violation are presented. We review these de novo in light of the totality of the circumstances. State v. Taft, 506 N.W.2d 757, 762 (Iowa 1993). We review questions of statutory interpretation for correction of errors of law. In re E.H. III, 578 N.W.2d 243, 245 (Iowa 1998).
Defendant's conviction for his third lifetime OWI offense occurred on July 26, 1995. His driver's license was revoked for six years based on this conviction. See Iowa Code § 321J.4(3)(a) (1995). On June 26, 1997, defendant applied for early restoration of his eligibility for a driver's license pursuant to Iowa Code section 321J.4(3)(b). Two years had not yet elapsed from the date of the order for revocation. Under the plain language of the statute, defendant was not then eligible for license restoration. Section 321J.4(3)(b) states: "After two years from the date of the order for revocation, the defendant may apply to the court for restoration...." Clearly, the defendant was not yet eligible to apply for restoration when he made his application on June 26, 1997. The two-year period set forth in section 321J.4(3)(b) had not yet elapsed. Kotlers did not become eligible to apply until July 26, 1997, two years from the date the revocation was entered. Therefore, at the time Kotlers applied and at the time the hearing was held, his application was not ripe for consideration by the court.
Additionally, at the time of the hearing and the court's ruling, the repeal of the early restoration provisions had already become effective and Kotlers had no right to restoration because the two-year period had not expired before the repeal and he could not establish he had satisfied the four conditions set forth in section 321J.4(3)(b)(1)-(4) prior to the repeal. See Iowa Dep't of Transp. v. Iowa Dist. Ct. for Buchanan County, 587 N.W.2d 774, 777 (Iowa 1998). The district court was correct in its ruling, which is affirmed.
Defendant believes he has been denied equal protection of the law that is guaranteed by the United States and Iowa Constitutions. See U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1; Iowa Const. art. I, § 6. Defendant hinges this argument on the legislation directing that convictions more than twelve years old should not be considered in determining whether an offense is a second or subsequent offense for conviction or revocation purposes. See Iowa Code §§ 321J.2(4)(a), 321.12(4) (Supp.1997). Defendant states that this legislation creates a class that is treated better than he was treated because his 1978 and 1979 OWI convictions were counted under the prior law, whereas similar convictions would not be counted against a defendant under the new law in determining whether a later conviction is a second or subsequent conviction. Thus, he claims an unconstitutional treatment of classes of individuals is created. See Wyciskalla v. Iowa Dist. Ct., 588 N.W.2d 403, 407 (Iowa 1998) (). Defendant also argues the repeal of section 321J.4(3)(b) denies him equal protection in a similar manner.
We have assessed, addressed, and rejected this type of argument before. In State v. Axton, 587 N.W.2d 779, 780 (Iowa 1998), we addressed a claim of an equal protection violation based on the repeal of the early restoration statute, Iowa Code section 321J.4(3)(b). In rejecting this argument, we said:
Initially, on her equal protection claim, Axton requests that we apply a higher level of scrutiny than a rational-basis analysis because the right to engage in automobile travel is essential to social independence. Even if a higher level of scrutiny than rational basis is employed, and we decline to say that it should be, Axton's equal protection argument must fail. Unless this court's interpretation of the consequences of the repeal of section 321J.4(3)(b), as settled in Iowa District Court for Buchanan County, 587 N.W.2d at 777 serves to deny vested rights under a due...
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