State v. Pritchard
| Decision Date | 08 August 1995 |
| Docket Number | Nos. 17106-6-I,17118-0-II and 17784-6-II,s. 17106-6-I |
| Citation | 900 P.2d 560,79 Wn.App. 14 |
| Court | Washington Court of Appeals |
| Parties | The STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. Michael Ryan PRITCHARD, Appellant. The STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. David M. COBABE, Appellant. In re the Personal Restraint Petition of David M. COBABE, Petitioner. |
James Lewis Reese, Court-appointed, Port Orchard, for appellant Michael Pritchard.
Leisa A. Solt-Wolf, Court-appointed, Rovang and Associates, Port Orchard, for appellant David Cobabe.
Pamela Beth Loginsky, Kitsap Co. Deputy Pros. Atty., Port Orchard, for Both Appeals & PRP.
David Cobabe, Clallam Bay, pro se.
In linked appeals, David M. Cobabe and Michael Ryan Pritchard appeal the juvenile court's declination of juvenile jurisdiction. Cobabe and Pritchard's appeal follow their guilty pleas in adult criminal court to first degree burglary, first degree assault, and attempted first degree murder. We hold that the declination of juvenile jurisdiction is appealable as a matter of right after a plea of guilty and that declination was appropriate in each case. We affirm.
On the evening of December 29, 1992, the defendants and some other youths broke into the home of Joan Flinn, a mentally ill woman. Both Cobabe, age 17, and Pritchard, age 14, had consumed alcohol earlier in the evening. The defendants woke Flinn, viciously beat her, and damaged her home. The youths repeatedly left and then returned to Flinn's residence in order to further beat her and damage her home.
After briefly leaving to buy cigarettes, the defendants returned to the Flinn home once again and unsuccessfully attempted to kill her by smothering her with a pillow. Flinn suffered severe neurological injuries as a result of the beating. Sheriffs arrested both defendants shortly after the incident, and the defendants confessed to the crimes.
The State notified all parties that it intended to seek a decline of juvenile jurisdiction for both defendants, and the juvenile court held a declination hearing. Both Barbara White Davis, a mental health counselor, and Dr. Richard G. Peterson, a psychologist, recommended that Pritchard remain in the juvenile justice system. In regard to Cobabe, Dr. Peterson testified that Cobabe needed treatment for drug and alcohol abuse as well as for post-traumatic stress disorder, treatment that would be available and be successful only in the juvenile system. Although Ms. White similarly concluded that Cobabe needed counseling, she did not recommend whether such counseling should occur in the juvenile or adult system.
Conversely, Juvenile Court Services Officer James F. Briganti recommended that juvenile jurisdiction over Cobabe be denied. C. Kay Newton, another Juvenile Court Services Officer, similarly recommended that juvenile jurisdiction over Pritchard be denied.
The court found that for both Cobabe and Pritchard, the risk to public safety far outweighed the marginal chance for rehabilitation. The court waived juvenile jurisdiction over both defendants and transferred them to superior court for prosecution as adults.
In adult criminal court, the defendants and the State entered into plea agreements. Cobabe pleaded guilty to first degree burglary, first degree assault, and attempted first degree murder. Pritchard pleaded guilty to two counts of first degree burglary, first degree assault, and attempted first degree murder.
Cobabe and Pritchard then appealed to this court, arguing the juvenile court erred in declining jurisdiction. Cobabe also filed a personal restraint petition, which was consolidated with his appeal. Following a motion by the clerk of this court to determine whether the cases were appealable, a Court of Appeals commissioner ruled that the judgments and sentences were not appealable and dismissed both appeals in August 1993. But shortly after, this court granted the defendants' motions to modify the commissioner's rulings. Cobabe and Pritchard, who raise basically identical issues, request that this court reverse the juvenile court's decline order and allow them to enter their guilty pleas in juvenile court.
I
The State initially challenges the appealability of both cases, arguing that juveniles waive their right to appeal an order declining juvenile jurisdiction by entering a guilty plea in adult criminal court. Ordinarily, a plea of guilty constitutes a waiver by the defendant of his right to appeal. 1 But a guilty plea in Washington does not preclude a defendant from raising collateral questions such as the jurisdiction of the court. 2
The appropriateness of the declination is appealable as a matter of right, even after a plea of guilty, because it raises a question of jurisdiction. We reaffirm and follow precedent despite the passage of the Juvenile Justice Act of 1977 (the Act). In essence, we hold that the Act does not alter the nature of juvenile court jurisdiction and declination of that jurisdiction by transfer orders. Thus, prior precedent, which allowed such appeals, is still applicable.
Initially, we must address the parties' confusion surrounding Dillenburg v. Maxwell, 3 in which the court explained the "jurisdiction" of superior court and its relationship to juvenile matters. It noted that Article 4, §§ 5 and 6 of the Washington Constitution furnish the superior courts with general jurisdiction over all proceedings in which jurisdiction was not exclusively vested by law in some other forum or court. At that time, RCW 13.04.030 denoted juvenile court as a "session" of superior court. Dillenburg held that the Legislature did not intend to establish a juvenile court that was separate and distinct from superior court; that a juvenile court did not subtract from the superior court's general jurisdiction; and that there was not a vesting of exclusive jurisdiction in any forum or court other than superior court. 4 Rather, the statute and the constitutional provisions merely "distribute and assign a phase of the business of the superior court" and "prescribe the mode of procedure by which the superior court shall initiate, process and apply the remedies made available" for children. 5
When the Legislature passed the Juvenile Justice Act in 1977, it also passed RCW 13.04.021(1), which provided that "[t]he juvenile court shall be a division of the superior court." (Emphasis added.) We hold that the change of the term "session" to "division" is a distinction without a difference. The Legislature has not subtracted from the superior court's general jurisdiction and has not vested exclusive jurisdiction in any other court--the juvenile court is still a part of superior court.
We next address the issue of when the transfer order may be challenged. Again, we turn to precedent. In re Lewis, 6 held that when a juvenile court enters a transfer order, the decision is not appealable as a matter of right but is a matter for discretionary review only. Appeal as a matter of right is reserved until the conclusion of the adult criminal matter. 7 The reasoning of Lewis is still persuasive, and the provisions of the Rules of Appellate Procedure remain essentially the same in this regard. RAP 2.2(a)(1), (3), (5), and (6) reveal no wording changes to alter Lewis. Thus, an appeal as a matter of right exists post-conviction.
Here, Cobabe and Pritchard challenge the jurisdiction of the adult superior court, and their cases are therefore appealable. RCW 13.04.030, which was amended in 1977, 8 provides:
(1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, the juvenile courts in the several counties of this state, shall have exclusive original jurisdiction over all proceedings:
....
(e) Relating to juveniles alleged or found to...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
In re Personal Restraint Petition of Dalluge
...court lacks jurisdiction if juvenile court improperly declined juvenile offender" (emphasis added) (citing State v. Pritchard, 79 Wash.App. 14, 20, 900 P.2d 560 (1995))). See also Werner, 129 Wash.2d at 494, 918 P.2d 916 (noting that by statute, only the juvenile division had the power to h......
-
In re Hegney
...the power to hear and determine controversies involving juveniles. RCW 13.04.030(1)(e)(i) and 13.40.110(2); State v. Pritchard, 79 Wash. App. 14, 20, 900 P.2d 560 (1995), review denied, 128 Wash.2d 1017, 911 P.2d 1342 (1996). If a juvenile court erroneously declines jurisdiction, an adult c......
-
Boot, In re
...jurisdiction over the juvenile, in the absence of a declination hearing pursuant to RCW 13.40.110. RCW 13.04.030. State v. Pritchard, 79 Wash.App. 14, 20, 900 P.2d 560 (1995), review denied, 128 Wash.2d 1017, 911 P.2d 1342 (1996).8 For all of the constitutional arguments Boot and Cornejo ra......
-
State v. Ramos
...(2004); State v. M.A., 106 Wash. App. 493, 23 P.3d 508 (2001) (fourteen-year-old charged with first degree assault); State v. Pritchard, 79 Wash.App. 14, 900 P.2d 560 (1995) (fourteen-year-old charged with first degree assault and attempted first degree murder), review denied, 128 Wash.2d 1......
-
§ 4.3 Superior Court Decisions that May Be Appealed
...an appeal from an order of the juvenile court declining jurisdiction and transferring the case to superior court for adult prosecution. 79 Wn. App. 14, 18-19, 900 P.2d 560 (1995) (citing In re Welfare of Lewis, 89 Wn.2d 113, 569 P.2d 1158, modifying In re Welfare of Lewis, 88 Wn.2d 556, 564......
-
Table of Cases
...51, review denied, 120 Wn.2d 1015 (1992): 23.7(2) State v. Powell, 126 Wn.2d 244, 893 P.2d 615 (1995): 11.7(1)(c) State v. Pritchard, 79 Wn. App. 14, 900 P.2d 560 (1995), review granted in part, cause remanded sub nom. State v. Cobabe, 128 Wn.2d 1016 (1996): 4.3(3)(c) State v. Pruitt, 145 W......