State v. Sexton, COA99-1213.
| Decision Date | 29 December 2000 |
| Docket Number | No. COA99-1213.,COA99-1213. |
| Citation | 539 S.E.2d 675,141 NC App. 344 |
| Parties | STATE of North Carolina v. Jack Clayton SEXTON, Jr. |
| Court | North Carolina Court of Appeals |
Attorney General Michael F. Easley, by Assistant Attorney General Diane Martin Pomper for the State.
Paul Pooley, Durham, for defendant-appellant.
Defendant Jack Clayton Sexton, Jr. appeals the revocation of his probation and activation of a ten-year prison sentence. On 24 August 1995 defendant pled guilty to seven counts of Larceny by Employee. Defendant received a consolidated sentence of ten years imprisonment, suspended in exchange for three years supervised probation, community service, and restitution.
On 7 July 1998 a probation violation report was filed, alleging defendant failed to keep appointments with his probation officer and was in arrears in required payments. During his initial 17 August 1998 appearance in the matter, defendant signed Administrative Office of the Courts form AOC-CR-227, entitled "Waiver of Counsel," in which he affirmed that he "waiv[ed his] right to assigned counsel and that [he] ... expressly waiv[ed] that right." Although the trial judge signed the form, he did not acknowledge whether defendant elected in open court to be tried "without assignment of counsel" or "without the assistance of counsel, which includes the right to assigned counsel and the right to assistance of counsel."
The hearing was called on 19 October 1998, and defendant, who was unrepresented, requested a continuance and appointment of counsel. The trial court denied both requests, finding defendant previously waived his right to an attorney. Upon finding defendant willfully violated the terms of his probation, the trial court extended defendant's term of probation by two years, and ordered defendant to perform additional community service in lieu of monetary payments.
On 22 April 1999 a second probation violation report was filed, alleging defendant's failure to inform of a change in residence, failure to keep appointments with his probation officer, and failure to perform community service. The matter was called to hearing on 17 May 1999. Defendant was advised of his right to counsel, but expressed a desire to proceed pro se. Defendant signed a Waiver of Counsel form, acknowledging he was fully advised of his right to counsel. At the hearing's conclusion, the trial court entered judgment revoking defendant's probation and activating defendant's ten-year sentence.
Defendant appeals, alleging: (1) the trial courts presiding over the October 1998 and May 1999 hearings violated defendant's right to assistance of counsel by requiring defendant proceed pro se; and (2) the trial court presiding over the October 1998 hearing erred in extending defendant's probation and the trial court presiding over the May 1999 hearing erred in revoking defendant's probation after the expiration of the period of probation.
As a preliminary matter, we note defendant's arguments pertaining to the October 1998 hearing and resulting order are not properly before this Court. Defendant failed to make objections at the hearing or file a timely notice of appeal in accordance with the Rules of Appellate Procedure. However, given the fundamental nature of a defendant's right to assistance of counsel, and the clear error in the trial court's denial of counsel upon defendant's request, we exercise our discretion to entertain defendant's arguments pursuant to a writ of certiorari. See N.C.R.App.P. 21(a)(1) (); Anderson v. Hollifield, 345 N.C. 480, 482, 480 S.E.2d 661, 663 (1997) (quoting N.C.R.App.P. Rule 21(a)(1)). We do not pass judgment on the merits of the State's argument that defendant has no statutory right to appeal from an order modifying an ordinary term of probation.
A criminal defendant may "waive his [constitutional] right to be represented by counsel so long as he voluntarily and understandingly does so." State v. Hyatt, 132 N.C.App. 697, 700, 513 S.E.2d 90, 93 (1999) (citing State v. Clark, 33 N.C.App. 628, 629, 235 S.E.2d 884, 886 (1977)). Once given, however, "a waiver of counsel is good and sufficient until the proceedings are terminated or until the defendant makes known to the court that he desires to withdraw the waiver and have counsel assigned to him." Id. (citing State v. Watson, 21 N.C.App. 374, 379, 204 S.E.2d 537, 540-41,cert. denied,285 N.C. 595, 206 S.E.2d 866 (1974)); see also, e.g., State v. Gamble, 50 N.C.App. 658, 661, 274 S.E.2d 874, 876 (1981). The burden of establishing a change of desire for the assistance of counsel rests upon the defendant. Hyatt, 132 N.C.App. at 700,513 S.E.2d at 93.
In the present case, we first note the trial judge's...
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State v. Harvin
...makes known to the court that he desires to withdraw the waiver and have counsel assigned to him"); see also State v. Sexton , 141 N.C. App. 344, 348, 539 S.E.2d 675, 677 (2000) (ordering a new probation hearing where defendant, who had previously waived his right to counsel, clearly stated......
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State v. Quick
...defendant makes known to the court that he desires to withdraw the waiver and have counsel assigned to him." State v. Sexton, 141 N.C.App. 344, 346-47, 539 S.E.2d 675, 676 (2000)(quoting State v. Hyatt, 132 N.C.App. 697, 700, 513 S.E.2d 90, 93 (1999)). A written waiver, however, is not a su......
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...him. The burden of establishing a change of desire for the assistance of counsel rests upon the defendant. State v. Sexton, 141 N.C.App. 344, 346-47, 539 S.E.2d 675, 676-77 (2000) (alteration in original) (quotation marks and citations In Sexton, the defendant waived his right to appointed ......