State v. Slansky

• Decision Date: 13 June 1986
• Docket Number: No. 58678,58678
• Citation: 720 P.2d 1054,239 Kan. 450
• Parties: STATE of Kansas, Appellee, v. Terle SLANSKY, Appellant.
• Court: Kansas Supreme Court

Page 1054

720 P.2d 1054

239 Kan. 450

STATE of Kansas, Appellee, v. Terle SLANSKY, Appellant.

No. 58678.

Supreme Court of Kansas.

June 13, 1986.

Syllabus by the Court

1. In a felony action, the indictment or information is the jurisdictional instrument upon which the accused stands trial. A conviction based upon an information which does not sufficiently charge the offense for which the accused is convicted is void.

2. A reliable in-court identification may be capable of standing on its own despite a previously deficient pretrial confrontation.

3. The factors to be applied in determining the reliability of the courtroom identification are: (1) the opportunity of the witness to view the accused at the time of the crime, (2) the witness' degree of attention, (3) the accuracy of the witness' prior description of the accused, (4) the level of certainty displayed by the witness at the confrontation, and (5) the length of time between the crime and confrontation.

4. While it is better practice to take photographs of lineups, a defendant has no constitutional right to have a lineup photographed.

Judith Messenger, Asst. Appellate Defender, Topeka, argued and Benjamin C. Wood, Chief Appellate Defender, of Topeka, was with her on brief, for appellant.

Anita M. Rodriguez, Co. Atty., argued and Robert T. Stephan, Atty. Gen., was with her on brief, for appellee.

HERD, Justice:

Appellant, Terle Slansky, appeals his jury convictions of rape, K.S.A. 1985 Supp. 21-3502; aggravated burglary, K.S.A. 21-3716; attempted rape, K.S.A. 1985 Supp. 21-3301, K.S.A. 1985 Supp. 21-3502; and aggravated assault, K.S.A. 21-3410.

Slansky's convictions stem from two different incidents. The first incident, resulting in charges of attempted rape and aggravated assault, occurred in the early morning hours of July 8, 1984. The victims, Ms. P and Ms. S, had been to a party where they each had several beers. They left the party about 12:30 a.m., with Ms. P driving and Ms. S asleep in the back seat.

As they were driving towards home (Logan) on highway 183, another car came up beside their car but did not pass. The other car then pulled back behind the car driven by Ms. P and repeatedly bumped her back bumper. Responding to the threat, Ms. P finally stopped her car and the other car pulled up alongside. The man in the other car got out of his car, ran toward Ms. P, grabbed her by the arm and said, "I want your tits." Her attacker then grabbed at her blouse and ran his hands between her legs on the inside of her thighs.

Ms. P began screaming, trying to get Ms. S to wake up. When Ms. S woke up, the attacker was trying to pull Ms. P out of the car and was telling her, "You're going to come with me or I'll kill you." Ms. S then began yelling, telling the man to leave Ms. P alone. When Ms. P finally kicked free, their attacker then opened the back door of the car and tried to drag Ms. S out of the car by her ankles. The man told her, "You're coming with me," but Ms. S was also able to kick free. Ms. P then drove straight home and told her parents what had happened.

The second incident, resulting in charges of rape and aggravated burglary, occurred two weeks later at approximately 2:00 a.m. on July 21, 1984. The victim, Ms. G, was lying in bed watching television when a sheet was thrown over her head and she was shoved on her stomach. Her attacker then rolled her over on her back and shoved a pillow into her face. He also took a sharp blade and shaved some hair from her arm, after which he placed the blade at her throat and said, "Shut up or I'll kill you." A lengthy struggle ensued, and the victim was finally thrown to the floor and raped by her assailant. The man then demanded she perform oral sex on him. When she refused, he beat her across the face and the side of her head and raped her a second time. Following these acts, the attacker sat on top of Ms. G, ejaculated all over her and then took his hand and rubbed the fluid all over her face and hair. He then searched through her purse and wallet. He took nothing but told her if she went to the police he'd kill her. He then pulled her to the bathroom, where she began vomiting. The attacker left through the back door.

Other facts will be discussed where relevant.

The appellant was charged with rape and aggravated burglary in connection with the incident involving Ms. G and with attempted rape and aggravated assault in connection with the incidents involving Ms. P and Ms. S. The appellant was also charged with two counts of aggravated kidnapping, but these charges were later dismissed.

Trial was held January 15-17, 1985, and Slansky was convicted of attempted rape and aggravated assault. The jury was unable to agree on a verdict on the charges of rape and aggravated burglary and a mistrial was declared. After a second trial, the appellant was convicted on both remaining charges.

The court sentenced Slansky as follows: fifteen to twenty years for rape, five to ten years for aggravated burglary, five to ten years for attempted rape and three to five years for aggravated assault, with sentences to run concurrently.

Appellant first argues the district court lacked jurisdiction to convict him of aggravated assault because the information did not allege every essential element of the crime and therefore was fatally defective.

The elements of assault, the basis of aggravated assault, are set forth in K.S.A. 21-3408:

"An assault is an intentional threat or attempt to do bodily harm to another coupled with apparent ability and resulting in immediate apprehension of bodily harm. No bodily contact is necessary." (Emphasis added.)

Count Four of the information states:

"That on or about the 8th day of July, 1984, the said Terle Slansky, within Rooks County, Kansas, then and there being, did then and there contrary to the Statutes of the State of Kansas, unlawfully, feloniously, willfully, and intentionally threaten to do bodily harm to another, to-wit: [L.K.S.], with the intent to commit a felony, to wit: Kidnapping, and which resulted in the immediate apprehension of bodily harm to the person of said [L.K.S.], contrary to K.S.A. 21-3410(c), Class D Felony, Penalty Sections K.S.A. 1984 Supp. 21-4501(d) and K.S.A. 1983 Supp. 21-4503(1)(b)."

The information did not allege Slansky had the apparent ability to do bodily harm and therefore did not allege every essential element of the crime.

In a felony action, the indictment or information is the jurisdictional instrument upon which the accused stands trial. State v. Bird, 238 Kan. 160, 166, 708 P.2d 946 (1985). A conviction based upon an information which does not sufficiently charge the offense for which the accused is convicted is void. State v. Robinson Lloyd & Clark, 229 Kan. 301, 304, 624 P.2d 964 (1981). If the facts alleged in an indictment do not constitute an offense within the terms and meaning of the statute upon which it is based, the information is fatally defective. State v. Howell & Taylor, 226 Kan. 511, 513, 601 P.2d 1141 (1979).

The State, in its brief, concedes that the information in this case was defective as to the aggravated assault charge. Accordingly, the appellant's conviction for aggravated assault is reversed. No remand is required, however, because the sentence for aggravated assault is not controlling.

The appellant next contends the trial court erred in failing to modify his fifteen-year minimum sentence. Specifically, he suggests the trial judge based his sentencing decision on incorrect information. At the hearing on appellant's motion for modification, the trial judge made the following statements:

"THE COURT: Mr. Holliday, I am quite aware of how the state's minimum time works and their good time credit. With a fifteen year minimum controlling sentence, and assuming that Mr. Slansky gets all of his good-time credit, he is only going to serve eight years. If I reduce it to a five-year controlling minimum sentence then he would only serve about two years."

According to administrative regulations in effect at the time of sentencing and the commission of the crime, a fifteen-year minimum sentence requires an inmate to serve at least 10 years, 7 months and 15...