State v. Walker

• Decision Date: 08 September 2017
• Docket Number: A17A0794.
• Citation: 805 S.E.2d 262
• Parties: The STATE v. WALKER.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

342 Ga.App. 733

805 S.E.2d 262

The STATE

v.WALKER.

A17A0794.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

September 8, 2017

Lauren C. Shurling, Timothy Grady Vaughn, Eastman, for Appellant.

Steven Mitchell Harrison, for Appellee.

Branch, Judge.

After Jerry Walker was indicted for child molestation occurring between January and December 2011, the State filed a notice of its intent to introduce child hearsay evidence, and Walker filed a motion in limine to exclude that evidence. The trial court granted Walker's motion on the ground that former OCGA § 24–3–16, rather than OCGA § 24–8–820, applied to the case. On appeal, the State argues that OCGA § 24–8–820 should apply. We disagree and affirm.

Although we would normally review a trial court's decision as to the admission or exclusion of evidence only for an abuse of discretion, "[t]he interpretation of a statute is a question of law, which is reviewed de novo on appeal." Jenkins v. State , 284 Ga. 642, 645 (2), 670 S.E.2d 425 (2008) (citation and punctuation omitted).

The relevant facts are not in dispute. The victim was born on April 4, 2000. In late March or early April 2015, the victim told her aunt that Walker, her custodial parent, had molested her at some point in 2011. In August 2015, Walker was indicted for molesting the victim. The statement at issue in this appeal is a forensic interview of the victim by a child advocate recorded on April 2, 2015, 2 days before the victim's 15th birthday. After the State served Walker with a notice of its intent to introduce the interview into evidence, Walker moved to exclude it.

At the hearing on Walker's motion in limine, the trial court noted that although OCGA § 24–8–820¹ now authorizes the admission of child hearsay statements "made by a child younger than 16 years of age," the Legislature expressly provided that the new statute "shall become effective on July 1, 2013, and shall apply to offenses which occur on or after that date." 2013 Ga. L. p. 222, § 21. The same Act also provided that "[a]ny offense occurring before July 1, 2013, shall be governed by the statute in effect at the time of such offense." Id. On the basis of this language, the trial court concluded that former OCGA § 24–3–16, which authorized the admission of only those hearsay statements made by a child "under the age of 14 years," rendered this victim's statement about Walker's 2011 actions, which was made just before her 15th birthday, inadmissible.

Since the trial court issued its ruling, this Court has held that the admissibility of a child hearsay statement as to an act of child molestation occurring before July 1, 2013 is controlled by former OCGA § 24–3–16. Laster v. State , 340 Ga. App. 96, 99 (1), n. 2, 796 S.E.2d 484 (2017) ; see also Harris v. State , 340 Ga. App. 865, 873 (3), 798 S.E.2d 498 (2017) (citing Laster for the proposition that OCGA § 24–8–820"does not apply" to an offense committed between February 2010 and January 2011). In Laster , we concluded that because the offense at issue in that case occurred "before July 1, 2013," the case was

governed by OCGA § 24–3–16 (2012), which was in effect at the time [the defendant] committed the offenses. See Ga. L. 2013, p. 222, 243 § 21 (expressly providing that "[a]ny offense occurring before July 1, 2013, shall be governed by the [Child Hearsay Statute] in effect at the time of such offense").

Laster , 340 Ga. App. at 99 (1), n. 2, 796 S.E.2d 484.

The State seeks to avoid the conclusion that the former statute applies by arguing that the time of trial should determine the effective date of current OCGA § 24–8–820, and that this rule of evidence, being a procedural one, should apply retroactively. See, e.g., Mason v. Home Depot USA , 283 Ga. 271, 278 (4), 658 S.E.2d 603 (2008). But arguments as to the retroactive application of a procedural rule may be considered only "if the Legislature did not express a contrary intention," State v. Hill , 321 Ga. App. 679, 680–681, 742 S.E.2d 497 (2013) (citation and punctuation omitted)—that is, if the [L]egislature did not express its will as to the effective date of the statute at issue. Here, the Legislature explicitly provided that OCGA § 24–8–820"shall become effective on July 1, 2013, and shall apply to offenses which occur on or after that date," while "[a]ny offense occurring before July 1, 2013, shall be governed by the statute in effect at the time of such offense." Ga. L. 2013, p. 222, § 21. The trial...