State v. Waukazo, No. 47819.
| Decision Date | 04 August 1978 |
| Docket Number | No. 47819. |
| Citation | 269 NW 2d 373 |
| Parties | STATE of Minnesota, Respondent, v. Ronald Leslie WAUKAZO, Appellant. |
| Court | Minnesota Supreme Court |
C. Paul Jones, Public Defender, Robert Oliphant, Sp. Asst. Public Defender, Minneapolis, for appellant.
Warren Spannaus, Atty. Gen., St. Paul, Gary W. Flakne, County Atty., Vernon E. Bergstrom, David W. Larson and Lee W. Barry, Asst. County Attys., Minneapolis, for respondent.
Considered and decided by the court without oral argument.
Defendant was found guilty by a district court jury of a charge of criminal sexual conduct in the first degree, Minn.St. 609.342(b),1 and was sentenced by the trial court to a 3 to 20-year term in prison. On his appeal from judgment of conviction defendant contends (1) that the trial court abused its discretion in permitting the admission of evidence of prior sexual offenses committed by defendant on the complainant when the Spreigl notice did not specify the exact dates of the prior offenses; (2) that the trial court erred in denying a motion for change of venue based upon allegedly prejudicial pretrial publicity; and (3) that there was as a matter of law insufficient evidence that defendant was in a position of authority over the writer, which is a prerequisite to conviction of violating § 609.342(b). We affirm.
1. The complainant in this case was a 14-year-old girl who, with her two younger brothers, was living with defendant's parents in a foster-care arrangement. Defendant, who is 11 years older than complainant, also lived in the house.
Although the complainant claimed that starting in mid-1974 defendant began having sexual relations with her on a regular basis, the state charged defendant specifically with only one offense, one allegedly occurring on September 9, 1976, and gave a Spreigl notice for the ones preceding that. When defendant contended that this Spreigl notice did not adequately specify the dates of the alleged prior offenses, the prosecutor offered to introduce evidence of only three prior offenses, one occurring in June 1975, one in July 1975, and one in January 1976. The district court refused to permit reference to the June 1975 offense, but permitted testimony concerning the July 1975 and January 1976 offenses notwithstanding the Spreigl notice's lack of specificity with respect to the dates of the offenses. It is defendant's contention that this was error.
As defendant points out, in State v. Spreigl, 272 Minn. 488, 139 N.W.2d 167 (1965), this court stated that the Spreigl notice must describe the other offenses with the particularity of an indictment or information. We also think it is clear that, as a general proposition, an indictment or complaint should be as specific as possible with respect to time. However, it is not always possible to know with certainty when an offense or offenses occurred. This is especially true in cases like this where there is a minor victim who does not complain to the authorities immediately. Thus, the rule has evolved that in the prosecution of crimes in which a particular day is not a material ingredient of the offense, the indictment or complaint need not allege the particular date on which the offense was committed, only that it occurred before the issuance of an indictment or complaint. This general rule is codified in § 628.15, which reads as follows:
"The precise time at which the offense was committed need not be stated in the indictment, but may be alleged to have been committed at any time before the finding thereof, except where the time shall be a material ingredient in the offense."2
Notwithstanding the general rule, there might be cases in which the allegations as to time in the indictment or complaint would be so vague under the circumstances as to make it impossible for a defendant to prepare his defense. Trial courts have inherent authority to exercise some discretionary control over these matters, and this court always has authority to reverse a conviction if it believes that the charge was so vague on the matter of time as to make it impossible for the defendant to defend himself.
In this case we do not believe that the trial court erred in the manner in which it handled the matter, and we do not think that the need for a reversal on this ground has been demonstrated.
2. Any discussion of a defendant's claim of prejudice resulting from pretrial publicity must start with the...
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