State v. Weiss, 39789

• Decision Date: 14 March 1968
• Docket Number: No. 39789,39789
• Citation: 438 P.2d 610,73 Wn.2d 372
• Court: Washington Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. William J. WEISS, Appellant.

Page 372

73 Wn.2d 372

438 P.2d 610

STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. William J. WEISS, Appellant.

No. 39789.

Supreme Court of Washington, Department 2.

March 14, 1968.

Randolph S. Palmer, Quincy, for appellant.

Joseph Panattoni, Pros. Atty., David H. Gorrie, Deputy Pros. Atty., Ellensburg, for respondent.

HUNTER, Judge.

The defendant (appellant), William J. Weiss, was found guilty by a jury of possession of marijuana under the Uniform Narcotic Drug Act, RCW 69.33, and he now appeals from the judgment entered upon the jury verdict.

It appears from the record that Weiss and James Nason were occupying a house at 300 East 16th Street in Ellensburg, Washington. On the early morning of March 10, 1967, four law officers, pursuant to a warrant issued by the justice court on March 9, 1967, entered and searched the house. The officers found two marijuana cigarettes in the front room under a cushion of the couch. Their search also produced a small plastic container of seeds and traces of marijuana leaves and stems, discovered on a shelf of a small closet in the bedroom, concealed under some clothing. Nason and a visitor, Marvin Davis, were sleeping on mattresses on the floor of the front room when the officers entered. Weiss was found in the bedroom, occupying his large metal bed. None of the three admitted to any knowledge of the marijuana found in the house.

The searching officers testified that the house was rundown and in a very dirty condition. The floors were littered with refuse and unwashed clothing. This was confirmed by Nason and Davis, who testified for the state. It further appears that many people were accustomed to frequent to house, to sleep there and to leave belongings there. The house had been rented to one Linden Hope, who had paid the rent through February, 1967. Hope testified that he had moved to another house in January or February and that he had authorized Weiss and Nason to stay at 300 East 16th Street. One of the searching officers, Officer Horn, testified that, at the time of the search, the defendant said he lived at the house and was sharing the rent with Nason. Other testimony indicates that while no rent had, in fact, been paid for the month of March, Weiss had been staying at the house for 'a month, on and off.' Nason testified that he and Weiss had smoked marijuana together at the house at times previous to March 10.

The defendant was originally charged in justice court, but before the hearing the prosecutor filed an information in the superior court and had the initial proceeding dismissed. The jury found the defendant guilty of possession of marijuana. The court entered judgment and sentence accordingly, and the defendant appeals.

The defendant first contends that the evidence that he possessed the marijuana found in the house was insufficient to permit the case to go to the jury. He argues that the most that can be said of the evidence in the record is that it raises the possibility that he might have possessed the marijuana seized and that this is not enough to support the verdict.

We disagree. The record sustains the verdict. The jury was entitled to find, first, that the house was Weiss' residence. There was testimony that Weiss had been staying at the house for about a month, and that Weiss said he and Nason were sharing responsibility for the renting of the house, and that Weiss took it upon himself to invite others, including Marvin Davis, to sleep overnight at the house. Moreover, when the officers entered on the morning of March 10, Nason told Officer Pless that Weiss was in 'his' bedroom. Nason further testified that Weiss had brought the large white iron bed in the bedroom from Quincy, his 'home.' Nason also testified that Weiss customarily slept in the iron bed. These facts indicate not only that Weiss was residing in the house but also that he was exercising dominion and control over it. It does not matter under the facts of this case that his dominion and control was not exclusive. See Rodella v. United States, 286 F.2d 306, (9th Cir. 1960); State v. Hunt, 91 Ariz. 149, 370 P.2d 642 (1962); People v. Mateo, 171 Cal.App.2d 850, 341 P.2d 768 (1959). The jury could reasonably infer that Weiss knew about the marijuana found on the premises because Nason testified that Weiss had smoked marijuana at the house and that Weiss had known, on previous occasions, about the presence of marijuana in the house.

We are satisfied that these facts, taken together, are sufficient to justify the jury's finding that Weiss had dominion and control over the premises and knowledge of the presence of marijuana there, amounting to constructive possession of the marijuana seized by the searching officers. This court will not disturb a verdict based upon substantial evidence. State v. Davis, 53 Wash.2d 387, 333 P.2d 1089 (1959).

The defendant contends that his motion to suppress the evidence seized in the search should have been granted because the warrant was improperly returned. He argues that the return, which stated that the items seized were found 'in the possession of Weiss, Nason and Davis' was insufficient to satisfy RCW 69.33.430, which requires that the return should be accompanied by

a particular statement of all articles seized and the name of the person or persons in whose possession the same were found, if any, * * *.

The return was proper because it did state 'in whose possession the (articles seized) were found, * * *.' It is the state's theory in this case that the occupants of the house shared possession of the articles seized and the return, under the facts, is consistent with this theory.

The defendant also attacks the warrant because it was issued on March 9 and not returned until March 13, whereas the statute, RCW 69.33.430, requires that warrants be returned 'within three days.' This argument is baseless because we have held that the statute now codified as RCW 1.12.040 governs criminal as well as civil proceedings. State v. Levesque, 5 Wash.2d 631, 106 P.2d 309 (1940). The statute reads:

The time within which an act is to be done, as herein provided, shall be computed by excluding the first day and including the last, unless the last day is a holiday or Sunday, and then it is also excluded.

Applying the statute to the period here in question, the first day, Thursday, March 9, and the last day, Sunday, March 12, are excluded in the computation. The return on March 13, a Monday, was therefore within the statutory time.

Next, the defendant contends that the dismissal of the complaint in justice court raised a bar to his subsequent prosecution for the same offense in superior court. RCW 10.43.010 specifies when dismissal of a prosecution bars subsequent prosecution on the same charge:

An order dismissing a prosecution under the provisions of RCW 10.37.020, 10.46.010, and 10.46.090 shall bar another prosecution for a misdemeanor or gross misdemeanor where the prosecution dismissed charged the same misdemeanor or gross misdemeanor; but in no other case shall such order of dismissal bar another prosecution.

This statute does not apply to felonies, and the contention is therefore without merit. See State v. Moore, 60 Wash.2d 144, 372 P.2d 536 (1962). The defendant further argues that the reason given by the court for dismissal of the original complaint was insufficient under RCW 10.46.090, which requires that 'the reason of (sic) the dismissal must be set forth in The order, * * *.' (Italics ours.) The reason set forth in the justice court's order in this case was that the prosecuting attorney desired to file an information in superior court. The dismissal for this purpose was proper (see In re Pennington v. Smith, 35 Wash.2d 267, 212 P.2d 811 (1949)), and the reason given was sufficient under the statute.

The defendant contends that the trial court erred in admitting evidence over objection which related to other allegedly criminal acts committed by the defendant; namely, Nason's testimony that he and Weiss had smoked marijuana together and that Weiss knew there was marijuana in the house on a prior occasion.

Evidence of the commission of collateral criminal acts is admissible, as we said in State v. Vindhurst, 63 Wash.2d 607, 612, 388 P.2d 552, 555 (1964), if it

comes within one of the recognized exceptions: (1) to show motive or intent, (2) the absence to accident or mistake, (3) a common scheme or plan, (4) identity, or (5) if the evidence is relevant to any material issue before the jury. State v. Goebel, 36 Wash.2d 367, 218 P.2d 300 (1950). Or, such evidence may be admitted if it tends to prove some essential ingredient of the crime charged in the information. State v. Dinges, 48 Wash.2d 152, 292 P.2d 361 (1956), and cases cited.

The evidence complained of in this case was properly admitted because this evidence had a direct bearing on the issue of constructive possession, that is, whether the defendant knew of the presence of the marijuana found in the house where the defendant resided. See State v. Hall, 41 Wash.2d 446, 249 P.2d 769 (1952).

The defendant contends that the trial court erred when it permitted witnesses to testify concerning the dirty and unkempt condition of the premises....