State v. Wheatland

• Decision Date: 17 January 2006
• Docket Number: No. 25947.,25947.
• Citation: 888 A.2d 1098,93 Conn.App. 232
• Court: Connecticut Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE of Connecticut v. Paige WHEATLAND.

888 A.2d 1098

93 Conn.App. 232

STATE of Connecticut v. Paige WHEATLAND.

No. 25947.

Appellate Court of Connecticut.

Argued December 6, 2005.

Decided January 17, 2006.

Mark Diamond, special public defender, for the appellant (defendant).

Joan K. Willin, special deputy assistant state's attorney, with whom, on the brief, were Michael Dearington, state's attorney, Robert J. O'Brien, supervisory assistant state's attorney, and Eugene R. Calistro, Jr., assistant state's attorney, for the appellee (state).

LAVERY, C.J., and DRANGINIS and McLACHLAN, Js.

LAVERY, C.J.

The defendant, Paige Wheatland, appeals from the judgment of the trial court rendered following the denial of his motion to withdraw his guilty plea, entered pursuant to the doctrine of North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S.Ct. 160, 27 L.Ed.2d 162 (1970),¹ to one count of assault in the first degree in violation of General Statutes § 53a-59 (a)(3). On appeal, the defendant claims that (1) the plea was not knowingly and voluntarily made, (2) the court abused its discretion in denying his motion to withdraw the plea and (3) his sentence is illegal. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

The relevant facts are as follows. The defendant was arrested and charged with assault in the first degree following an altercation that transpired in Meriden on July 14, 2000.² On April 5, 2001, the defendant entered a guilty plea pursuant to an agreement under State v. Garvin, 242 Conn. 296, 699 A.2d 921 (1997).³ Significantly, the agreement provided that if the defendant failed to appear for sentencing, the court could impose a sentence of up to twenty years. The court canvassed the defendant to ensure that his decision to plead guilty was knowing and voluntary, and then deferred acceptance of the plea pursuant to Practice Book § 39-7. The matter was continued for sentencing on July 13, 2001. On that date, the defendant did not appear. Consequently, the court accepted the defendant's guilty plea forfeited his bond and ordered his rearrest. Sometime in 2002, the defendant was arrested out of state and convicted on federal drug possession charges. He later was extradited to Connecticut and, on October 23, 2003, entered a plea of not guilty to a charge of failure to appear for sentencing. The defendant thereafter filed a motion to withdraw his April 5, 2001 plea, which the court denied. The court sentenced the defendant to a term of fifteen years imprisonment, and this appeal followed.

I

The defendant first contends that the April 5, 2001 plea was not knowingly and voluntarily made. We disagree.

"The United States Supreme Court has held that for the acceptance of a guilty plea to comport with due process, the plea must be voluntarily and knowingly entered. Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243-44, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969). Boykin set forth three federal constitutional rights of which a defendant must be cognizant prior to entering a guilty plea: (1) the privilege against compulsory self-incrimination; (2) the right to trial by jury; and (3) the right to confront one's own accusers." State v. Carter, 243 Conn. 392, 397, 703 A.2d 763 (1997). "Boykin requires the court to address the defendant concerning only [those] core constitutional rights." State v. Higgins, 88 Conn.App. 302, 307, 869 A.2d 700, cert. denied, 274 Conn. 913, 879 A.2d 893 (2005). "[T]he federal constitution ... does not require that the trial court go beyond these constitutional minima." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. We conduct a plenary review of the circumstances surrounding the plea to determine if it was knowing and voluntary. State v. Groppi, 81 Conn.App. 310, 313, 840 A.2d 42, cert. denied, 268 Conn. 916, 847 A.2d 311 (2004).

The following additional facts are uncontested and relevant to our inquiry. At the April 5, 2001 plea hearing, the court canvassed the defendant. The court inquired as to whether the defendant had had enough time to discuss the matter with his attorney and whether he was satisfied with his attorney's advice and counsel, to which the defendant answered affirmatively. The court asked whether the defendant was under the influence of drugs, alcohol, medication or any other substance; the defendant replied no. The court then asked whether the defendant understood that "by pleading to the charge, even under the Alford doctrine, you are giving up your right to try the case to the court or the jury with the assistance of your attorney, you are giving up your right to confront and cross-examine witnesses against you, your right against self-incrimination, your right to put on evidence in your own behalf and your right to continue to plead not guilty? Do you understand you are giving up those trial rights?" The defendant again answered affirmatively. The court asked whether the defendant was "pleading voluntarily and of your own free will"; the defendant answered "yes." Asked whether anyone had forced or threatened him in any respect to enter the plea, the defendant answered, "No, sir." The court further inquired whether the defendant had had "a chance to discuss with your attorney the elements of the offense and the evidence the state claims to have in connection with the elements," and the defendant replied affirmatively. The court also inquired whether the defendant understood that "the maximum penalty you could get for the ... charge [of assault in the first degree] is from one to twenty years [incarceration] and [a fine of] up to $15,000 so that the maximum is twenty years and $15,000." The defendant answered "yes."

The court then addressed the terms of the Garvin agreement, explaining that the defendant was facing either "a ten after five with five years probation or five years to serve followed by six years special parole...." The court continued: "Additionally, you have to understand that as part of this agreement, you must be present in court on the acceptance and sentencing date agreed upon by the parties. If you are not present, then all deals are off. That is, the court would be free to accept your plea previously tendered and sentence you to any sentence within the maximum allowed with respect to the charges if you fail to appear.... Do you understand that?" "Yes, sir," the defendant replied. The court therefore concluded that the "plea is found to be voluntarily made and understandingly made with the assistance of competent counsel."

A

In support of his claim, the defendant first refers to the portion of the plea canvass in which he indicated that he did not understand the concept of special parole. At the outset of the canvass, the following colloquy occurred:

"The Court: Have you had enough time to discuss this matter with your attorney?

"[The Defendant]: Actually, no, sir.

"The Court: All right. Now, I know this has been pending for quite a while, and I know the offers were made some time ago and continued to this date for a yes or no response. Now, what is it that you haven't done in connection with this case that you require to do?

"[The Defendant]: Well, actually I—

"The Court: When you say you haven't had enough time.

"[The Defendant]: I just want to know—I don't know the difference between what he's saying, six special years of parole or—

"The Court: Let me explain what special parole is, basically. First of all, there's five years incarceration. You'd serve whatever you serve of that time of a five year sentence. Then, instead of probation, you are on parole. There are conditions to be—just like after a prison sentence when you are put on parole. There's a parole board. There are conditions to parole, which are similar to that of probation. As you serve—let's say you have six years of special parole. As you serve each year, a year disappears. In other words, once you've gone through one year without a problem, then you have five years left. If you go through two, you have four years left hanging over your head and so on. If you go through five years of the six years of special parole you only—if you are violated, you only have one year to serve, but whatever the remainder is, if you do violate, there's no violation of probation hearing. There's a parole hearing and you are put back in custody.

"[The Defendant]: So, for the whole six years I have to report to a—

"The Court: You'd have to report to parole rather than probation is basically what happens.

"[The Defendant]: And with the other way I would just—

"The Court: The other way is probation and it doesn't—you know, probation. The time hanging over your head doesn't diminish during the period that you serve the probation, but its something—if you are going to be on special parole, it's a good idea not to get in any trouble because there's no violation of probation hearing. There's a special—there's a parole hearing, which [has] a lot fewer rights involved.

"[Defense Counsel]: I will review the statutes with him and the differences again, Your Honor, between now and the date of sentencing.

"The Court: Okay, and I think that would be appropriate if he's going to make that determination. Now, other than that, are you prepared to continue with the canvassing?

"[The Defendant]: Yes, sir."

The defendant claims that this colloquy demonstrates that he "did not understand the nature of the plea proceedings or the proposed sentence." The defendant does not identify any specific rule of practice or decisional law in support of that contention. The salient provisions of our rules of practice are contained in Practice Book §§ 39-19 and 39-20. Section 39-19(1) requires that a defendant understand the "nature of the charge to which the plea is offered ...." Special parole, however, pertains to the nature of the defendant's sentence and has little bearing on the nature of the charge, in this case assault in the first degree. Practice Book § 39-19(2), (3) and (4) concern sentencing. They require a defendant to understand the mandatory minimum sentence, whether the...