State v. Whitley, CR-93-1191

• Citation: 665 So.2d 998
• Decision Date: 24 March 1995
• Docket Number: CR-93-1191
• Parties: STATE v. Chester Leon WHITLEY, Jr.
• Court: Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 998

665 So.2d 998

STATE v. Chester Leon WHITLEY, Jr.

CR-93-1191.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama.

March 24, 1995.

Rehearing Denied May 5, 1995.

Certiorari Denied June 30, 1995

Alabama Supreme Court 1941188.

Jeff Sessions, Atty. Gen., and Steve Willoughby, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellant.

Buster Landreau, Phenix City, for appellee.

COBB, Judge.

This case was originally assigned to another judge on the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals. It was reassigned to Judge Cobb on January 17, 1995.

This is an appeal by the State of the trial court's order granting Chester Whitley's Rule 32, Ala.R.Crim.P., petition challenging his conviction for murder. Following an evidentiary hearing, the trial court entered the following order:

"I

"The Court will address the grounds in Defendant's petition.

GROUND 1

"A. Defendant claims that the petition jury was unconstitutionally selected and impaneled in that the State struck certain jurors for their age in violation of Batson v. Kentucky. The matter of Defendant's Batson motion was decided adversely to Defendant by the Court of Criminal Appeals ; therefore, this ground is barred.

"B. Defendant also claims that the jury was unconstitutionally selected and impaneled because one of the jurors, who became the jury foreman, failed to disclose during voir dire that his stepmother was an employee at the Russell County jail.

Defendant's trial attorney testified this would have influenced his striking of jurors. 'The measuring stick to be applied ... is whether the action of the juror might have unlawfully influenced the verdict ... This test casts a light burden on the Defendant.' State v. Freeman, 605 So.2d 1258, 1260 (Ala.Cr.App.1992). In Freeman the Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the conviction and remanded the case for a retrial where the jury foreman failed to disclose that he had been a former police officer. Accord, Ex Parte Ledbetter, 404 So.2d 731 (Ala.1981).

Ex parte Lowe, 514 So.2d 1049 (Ala.1987), addresses the argument of harmless error in that the State would contend the evidence against Defendant was overwhelming. There the Supreme Court held overwhelming evidence of guilt does not render prejudicial error to be harmless. The Freeman decision applied this rule.

The court cannot distinguish Freeman from the case sub judice; therefore, the court must find that Defendant was denied his right to be tried by an impartial jury as guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Defendant's petition should be granted on this ground and a new trial be ordered.

"II

"The court will proceed to address the other grounds as required by Rule 32.

"GROUND 2

"Defendant claims he received ineffective assistance of counsel on the following bases:

"(1) inadequate preparation for trial,

"(2) failed to request mental review of Defendant,

"(3) failed to investigate all areas of defense,

"(4) failed to object to incriminating remarks during closing argument,

"(5) did not question the jury,

"(6) failed to object to the trial court's denial of the victim's prior record into evidence,

"(7) failed to make a Batson objection on the basis of age,

"(8) failed to utilize Defendant's defense of self-defense,

"(9) failed to file pretrial motions other than a motion to suppress,

"(10) failed to object to incriminating remarks and allegations made by the District Attorney, and

"(11) failed to argue Defendant's right to a speedy trial was violated.

"The court finds that Defendant received effective assistance of counsel. Defendant's attorney had extensive experience in the trial of criminal cases and specifically in homicide cases. Regarding specific claims of Defendant about ineffective assistance of counsel:

"A. Defendant's argument based on a speedy trial violation has no merit. He was an intrastate prisoner before being brought to Russell County for trial. The Uniform Mandatory Disposition of Detainers Act, §§ 15-9-80 et seq., did not apply to Defendant. See Downing v. State, 620 So.2d 983 (Ala.Cr.App.1993).

"B. Defendant's claim that the District Attorney made inflammatory statements during the closing arguments. Defendant's attorney could have decided as a matter of tactics not to emphasize any statement of the prosecutor by objecting to the statement. See Johnson v. State, 612 So.2d 1288 (Ala.Cr.App.1992). Additionally, the attorney could have decided the statements of which Defendant now complains would not be so prejudicial that he should object. See U.S. v. Willis, 759 F.2d 1486 (11th Cir.1985).

"Defendant's claim regarding the statement of the District Attorney ... that Defendant was an 'artist with a knife' is due to be denied. This was made during cross-examination of Defendant. The objections of Defendant's attorney [were] sustained to this remark and Defendant's motion for a mistrial was denied. (Trial Record p. 209).

"C. Defendant's claim that Defendant failed to utilize his claim of self-defense is without merit. The evidence at trial showed that Defendant had a small cut on one finger and the victim sustained over 27 stab wounds, 16 of which were in the back. In view of these undisputed facts, Defendant's trial attorney could reasonably have believed it was better for the jury to focus on other matters than for the jury to have its principal focus on Defendant's credibility regarding self-defense. (Cf. Bethune v. State, 502 So.2d 386 (Ala.Cr.App.1986)).

"D. Regarding Defendant's claim of failing to obtain a mental review of Defendant, the court finds there was no basis for the review for the trial attorney to make such a request. The trial attorney testified that Defendant did not say anything about questioning his mental condition. There is no evidence to support a request for a mental review.

"Finally, the court notes that Defendant has failed to show there was a reasonable probability, except for the claimed deficiencies by his attorney, that the trial would have been different. Ex parte Lawley, 512 So.2d 1370 (Ala.1987).

"GROUND 3

"Defendant claims that a confession was improperly induced by a deputy's offer to have the bond for his pregnant wife lowered. Defendant's wife was arrested in May, 1991, two days before Defendant. Defendant completed a statement around 11:40 a.m. on May 3, 1991. Around 3:00 p.m. that same day a motion was presented to the District Judge to reduce the bond for Defendant's wife from $100,000.00 to $20,000.00.

"The court finds that this ground is barred because it could have been presented on appeal.

"Beyond this procedural bar, the court finds it is without merit.

"The deputy testified that when Defendant turned himself in, Defendant said his wife and brother had nothing to do with the incident. The deputy testified that the Defendant's wife's bond was lowered after the investigation was completed. The District Attorney testified that the State agreed with the motion to reduce the wife's bond so that the county would not be responsible for the wife's medical expenses.

"In the context of this case, the court overruled Defendant's motion to suppress at trial and the court again rules that there was no inducement so that Defendant's confession was involuntary.

"Moreover, Defendant is the person who initiated the issue of his wife being released. Defendant surrendered because his wife and brother were in custody. The third co-defendant had been released on bond the day before. Defendant's motivation to surrender and to make a statement was to help obtain the release of his wife and brother. This is supported by Defendant's present petition, which states that Defendant surrendered at the county jail after his brother had been arrested and charged with murder.

"Defendant understandably desired to help his wife and brother, and get them out of jail. This was the reason for Defendant's statement; therefore, Defendant's statement was not involuntary. See Thomas v. State, 531 So.2d 45 (Ala.Cr.App.1988).

"GROUND 4

"Defendant claims that the Habitual Felony Offender Act was arbitrarily imposed upon him. There is no evidence to support this. See Calhoun v. State, 530 So.2d 259 (Ala.Cr.App.1988).

"GROUND 5

"Defendant claims that prior convictions were used to enhance the punishment of previous felony convictions before the conviction in this case. As such, Defendant's first two convictions have been used three times under the Habitual Offender Law.

"This claim was not presented at trial or on appeal and is bared; however, the court will address its merits and finds...