Stone v. State

• Decision Date: 03 February 1969
• Docket Number: No. 5582,5582
• Citation: 85 Nev. 60,450 P.2d 136
• Parties: Charles Edgar STONE, Appellant, v. The STATE of Nevada, Respondent.
• Court: Nevada Supreme Court

Page 136

450 P.2d 136

85 Nev. 60

Charles Edgar STONE, Appellant, v. The STATE of Nevada, Respondent.

No. 5582.

Supreme Court of Nevada.

Feb. 3, 1969.

Rehearing Denied March 18, 1969.

James D. Santini, Public Defender, Earle W. White, Jr., Deputy Public Defender, Las Vegas, for appellant.

Harvey Dickerson, Atty. Gen., Carson City, George E. Franklin, Jr., Clark County Dist. Atty., Alan R. Johns, Deputy Dist. Atty., Las Vegas, for respondent.

OPINION

BATJER, Justice.

On December 3, 1966, the appellant, Charles Edgar Stone, while he was being held in jail in Quay County, New Mexico, under warrant of arrest issued by the state of Nevada charging him with being a fugitive from justice, filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus to test his detention. The matter came on for hearing on January 23, 1967, in a district court of that state. Timely notice was given, but no representative from the state of Nevada was present at the hearing. On January 24, 1967, an order was filed in that court releasing the appellant upon the finding that there was no evidence to indicate that he was in the state of Nevada on the date the alleged crimes were committed.

Shortly after his release appellant was arrested by federal authoriites for violation of the Dyer Act. He was thereupon convicted and sentenced to four years in the federal penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas. After his incarceration in the federal penitentiary a detainer warrant was issued by the state of Nevada and lodged against him.

Without ever filing a motion or request with the authorities in Clark County demanding that he be afforded a speedy trial, the appellant filed his petition for a writ of mandamus in the lower court demanding that the state of Nevada be required to dismiss the criminal complaint on file against him and that the outstanding warrant of arrest be quashed.

As the basis for his petition, the appellant alleged that he was being denied his constitutional right to a speedy trial; that NRS 169.165 ¹ (now NRS 178.558) is inapplicable and unconstitutional and, that the New Mexico determination in the habeas corpus proceeding is res judicata in Nevada.

Petitioner now urges these same points in this appeal.

Whether or not a defendant has been denied his right to a speedy trial depends upon the circumstances of each case. Scott v. State, 84 Nev. ---, 444 P.2d 902 (1968); Barker v. State, 84 Nev. 224, 438 P.2d 798 (1968).

In Klopfer v. North Carolina, 386 U.S. 213, 87 S.Ct. 988, 18 L.Ed.2d 1 (1967), it was held that, by virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment, the right guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution, to a speedy trial is enforceable against the states.

In Smith v. Hooey, 393 U.S. 374, 89 S.Ct. 575, 21 L.Ed.2d 607 (U.S. Jan. 20, 1969), the petitioner, Richard M. Smith, was incarcerated in the federal penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas. Although he had made repeated requests to the State of Texas for a speedy trial, he was denied the same for more than six years. Finally the petitioner filed in the trial court a verified motion to dismiss the charge against him for want of prosecution. No action was taken on the motion. Smith then brought a mandamus proceeding in the Supreme Court of Texas, asking for an order to show cause why the pending charge should not be dismissed. Mandamus was refused. In deciding the case, the United States Supreme Court said: 'Upon the petitioner's demand, Texas had a constitutional duty to make a diligent good-faith effort to bring him before the Harris County court for trial. (Emphasis added).

As a prerequisite to being afforded a speedy trial, a defendant incarcerated in a federal penitentiary, must make a request to the demanding state that he be immediately returned for trial.

Not until the appellant makes a request to this state for his return for a speedy trial does the state of Nevada have a constitutional duty to make a diligent good-faith effort to bring him before the Clark County court for trial.

Here the appellant, Stone, wants to start at the top of the ladder. Without ever making a request upon the state of Nevada, to be returned to this state for the purposes of a speedy trial, he summarily files his petition for a writ of mandamus demanding that the complaint against him be dismissed.

We find that because of the appellant's failure to request an immediate trial he has not been denied his constitutional right to a speedy trial.

After a defendant has made an effective request for a speedy trial, incarceration in a federal penitentiary no longer constitutes good cause for delay in bringing him to trial. We do not reach the question of whether NRS 169.165 (now NRS 178.558) is applicable to the appellant in his present state as a federal prisoner in a federal penitentiary, or whether that statute is an unconstitutional enactment.

We next turn to appellant's contention that the order of the New Mexico court making the writ of habeas corpus permanent and releasing him from custody is res judicata and a bar to any further prosecution of him under the criminal complaint filed in this state. We reject that contention.

A discharge by writ of habeas corpus, being merely from custody and not from penalty, does not operate as an acquittal and is not a bar to subsequent proceedings. See People ex rel. Mark v. Toman, 362 Ill. 232, 199 N.E. 124, 102 A.L.R. 379 (1935); Letwick v. State, 211 Ark. 1, 198 S.W.2d 830 (1947); Ex parte Barron, 222 S.W.2d 241 (Mo.App.1949); State ex rel. Sublett v. Adams, 145 W.Va. 354, 115 S.E.2d 158 (1960); People ex rel. Ritholz v. Sain, 26 Ill.2d 455, 187 N.E.2d 241 (1962), cert. den., Ritholz v. Ogilvie, 374 U.S. 807, 83 S.Ct. 1696, 10 L.Ed.2d 1031 (1963); People ex rel. Grant v. Doherty, 42 Misc.2d 239, 247 N.Y.S.2d 759 (1964).

The determination by the New Mexico court that the appellant must be released is not res judicata in New Mexico, nor is it res judicata in Nevada (See NRS 34.590). ²

The appellant was released from custody in the state of New Mexico because there was a defect of proof concerning his identity and his presence in the state of Nevada at the...