Sweezy Const., Inc. v. Murray, 13-95-417-CV

• Decision Date: 16 November 1995
• Docket Number: No. 13-95-417-CV,13-95-417-CV
• Citation: 915 S.W.2d 527
• Parties: SWEEZY CONSTRUCTION, INC. and Kent Sweezy, Relators, v. The Honorable Menton J. MURRAY, Judge of the 103rd Judicial District Court, Willacy County, Texas, Respondent.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 527

915 S.W.2d 527

SWEEZY CONSTRUCTION, INC. and Kent Sweezy, Relators, v. The Honorable Menton J. MURRAY, Judge of the 103rd Judicial District Court, Willacy County, Texas, Respondent.

No. 13-95-417-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas Corpus Christi.

Nov. 16, 1995.

Alison Kennamer, Rodriguez, Colvin & Chaney, Brownsville, Norton A. Colvin, Jr., Rodriguez, Colvin & Chaney, Brownsville, Eduardo R. Rodriguez, Rodriguez, Colvin & Chaney, Brownsville, Ramon Garcia, Edinburg, Rollins M. Koppel, Koppel, Ezell, Powers & Kimball, Harlingen, Homer L. Sanders, Strasburger & Price, Austin, P. Michael Jung, Strasburger & Price, Austin, Shireen Irani Bacon, Austin, for intervenor.

Moses M. Salas, Jr., Harlingen, for relator.

Before DORSEY, YANEZ, and CHAVEZ, JJ.

OPINION

CHAVEZ, Justice.

In this mandamus proceeding, the relators, Sweezy Construction, Inc., and Kent Sweezy, complain that the 103rd District Court in Willacy County wrongfully failed to abate a lawsuit filed against them in that court based on dominant jurisdiction established by a prior lawsuit filed by Sweezy in the 93rd District Court in Hidalgo County. We conditionally grant a writ of mandamus.

Both lawsuits stem from a dispute concerning which of two independent contractors, Sweezy Construction, Inc., or Faulkner Construction Co., had the right to build a new state jail facility in Willacy County, Texas to be maintained and operated by Wackenhut Corrections Corp. Sweezy alleges that Wackenhut had agreed to designate Sweezy as the building contractor in its proposal to the Cameron/Willacy Counties Community Supervision and Corrections Department (the "Department"), the governmental entity responsible for the jail. However, Faulkner was ultimately named by Wackenhut as the contractor responsible for building the jail.

On October 24, 1994, Sweezy filed in the 93rd District Court of Hidalgo County its original petition and application for temporary injunction against Wackenhut and Faulkner for tortious interference with contract, breach of contract, fraud, and conspiracy to defraud. Sweezy did not ask for damages, but for specific performance of the contract in order to protect its business reputation and the allegedly incalculable value to Sweezy of completing the contract. Sweezy also brought concurrent applications for a temporary injunction and for a temporary restraining order to prevent Wackenhut and Faulkner from continuing construction of the jail in the interim. The trial court signed a temporary restraining order on October 24, 1994, but later denied the application for temporary injunction and dissolved the temporary restraining order on November 2, 1994. Sweezy amended its petition in December 1994, to ask for monetary damages against Wackenhut/Faulkner instead of specific performance of the alleged contract.

Meanwhile, on November 15, 1994, Wackenhut/Faulkner filed their original petition against Sweezy in the 103rd District Court of Willacy County for wrongful issuance of injunction, tortious interference with contracts, and declaratory judgment. ¹ Wackenhut/Faulkner alleged that they had no contract with Sweezy for the construction of the jail, and that the State of Texas alone had the authority to select the general contractor who would build the new jail facility. Accordingly, Wackenhut/Faulkner complained that Sweezy's procurement of the temporary restraining order was wrongful. In addition, Wackenhut/Faulkner asked for a declaratory judgment that Sweezy was not entitled to claim damages for breach of contract or other tortious conduct regarding the construction of the jail. Sweezy promptly answered and objected to the jurisdiction of the Willacy Court on grounds of dominant jurisdiction in the Hidalgo Court. Wackenhut/Faulkner then amended their petition on August 28, 1995, in an attempt to join the Department and the State of Texas as involuntary plaintiffs, though Wackenhut/Faulkner still sought essentially the same relief against Sweezy alone. The Willacy Court ultimately heard and denied Sweezy's plea in abatement, on the basis of which Sweezy brings the present mandamus proceeding.

Adequacy of the Appellate Remedy

Mandamus will issue only to correct a clear abuse of discretion or violation of a duty imposed by law when that abuse cannot be remedied by appeal. Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 840 (Tex.1992). Although appeal is ordinarily an adequate remedy to review incidental rulings on such matters as special appearance and plea in abatement, an exception exists when the trial court's order demonstrates such disregard for guiding principles of law that the harm to the defendant becomes irreparable. National Indus. Sand Ass'n v. Gibson, 897 S.W.2d 769, 771 (Tex.1995); Canadian Helicopters Ltd. v. Wittig, 876 S.W.2d 304, 308 (Tex.1994). Specifically, within the context of dominant jurisdiction, we generally do not review by mandamus the refusal of a trial court to abate an action based on the pendency of another action, which can be adequately reviewed on appeal, unless the courts directly interfere with each other by issuing conflicting orders or injunctions. Hall v. Lawlis, 38 Tex.Sup.Ct.J. 882, 907 S.W.2d 493 (1995); Abor v. Black, 695 S.W.2d 564, 567 (Tex.1985); see also Hooks v. Fourth Court of Appeals, 808 S.W.2d 56, 59 (Tex.1991).

In the present case, the Hidalgo Court has already issued a temporary restraining order asserting jurisdiction and power over the underlying question of which contractor has the right to build the jail facility. Though that order was subsequently dissolved, the substance of the second lawsuit involves a challenge to the authority of the Hidalgo Court to have issued such an order. The Willacy Court's denial of Sweezy's plea in abatement shows its own assumption of the authority to judge the propriety of the Hidalgo Court's orders in a lawsuit still pending in Hidalgo County. Accordingly, we believe that the orders and rulings of the two courts have already presented a sufficient conflict to justify mandamus relief.

Dominant Jurisdiction Generally

Generally, if two lawsuits concerning the same controversy and parties are pending in courts of coordinate jurisdiction, the court in which suit was first filed acquires dominant jurisdiction to the exclusion of the other court. Wyatt v. Shaw Plumbing Co., 760 S.W.2d 245, 248 (Tex.1988); Curtis v. Gibbs, 511 S.W.2d 263, 267 (Tex.1974); V.D. Anderson Co. v. Young, 101 S.W.2d 798, 800 (Tex.1937); Cleveland v. Ward, 285 S.W. 1063, 1070 (Tex.1926); Hartley v. Coker, 843 S.W.2d 743, 746 (Tex.App.--Corpus Christi 1992, no writ). Abatement of a lawsuit due to the pendency of a prior suit is based on the principles of comity, convenience, and the necessity for an orderly procedure in the trial of contested issues. Wyatt, 760 S.W.2d at 248; Hartley, 843 S.W.2d at 746. If a party calls the second court's attention to the pendency of the first suit by a plea in abatement, that court must sustain the plea. Curtis, 511 S.W.2d at 267; Howell v. Mauzy, 899 S.W.2d 690, 697 (Tex.App.--Austin 1994, no writ).

Accordingly, when an inherent interrelation of the subject matter exists in two pending lawsuits, a plea in abatement in the second action must be granted. In determining whether an inherent interrelationship exists, courts should be guided by the rules governing joinder of necessary parties and compulsory counterclaims. Wyatt, 760 S.W.2d at 247; Hartley, 843 S.W.2d at 746-47; See Tex.R.Civ.P. 39, 97(a).

It appears to us beyond dispute that Wackenhut/Faulkner's claims for tortious interference and declaratory judgment are inherently interrelated to the lawsuit filed by Sweezy for breach of the alleged contract that underlies all claims except the one for wrongful injunction. However, Wackenhut/Faulkner argues that their claim for wrongful injunction is not a compulsory counterclaim to the Hidalgo County lawsuit and may be maintained separately in Willacy County.

A person who obtains an injunction wrongfully is liable for damages caused by issuance of the injunction. There are two separate causes of action for wrongful injunction, one upon the bond ordinarily filed to obtain the injunction, and the other for malicious prosecution. DeSantis v. Wackenhut Corp., 793 S.W.2d 670, 685 (Tex.1990).

To prevail upon a cause of action for malicious prosecution, the claimant must prove that the injunction suit was prosecuted maliciously and without probable cause, and was terminated in his favor. DeSantis, 793 S.W.2d at 686; see also James v. Brown, 637 S.W.2d 914, 918 (Tex.1982). Accordingly, unless it is brought as a counterclaim in the same lawsuit in which the injunction issued, a separately-filed lawsuit for wrongful injunction presumes that the first lawsuit has already terminated in favor of the party claiming that the injunction was wrongful. See DeSantis, 793 S.W.2d at 686; Payne v. Nichols, 176 S.W.2d 961 (Tex.Civ.App.--Galveston 1943, writ ref'd w.o.m.); Sanitary Appliance Co. v. French, 58 S.W.2d 159, 162 (Tex.Civ.App.--Amarillo 1933, writ dism'd).

While the first lawsuit remains pending, however, the court having issued the injunction, and which still retains power to issue or refuse further interlocutory relief of that nature, remains the proper forum in which to challenge the propriety of that injunction. An issue concerning the...