Teague v. Siler City Oil Co., 238

• Decision Date: 11 October 1950
• Docket Number: No. 238,238
• Parties: TEAGUE et ux. v. SILER CITY OIL CO. et al.
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court

Page 345

61 S.E.2d 345

232 N.C. 469

TEAGUE et ux. v. SILER CITY OIL CO. et al.

No. 238

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

Oct. 11, 1950

Bell & Horton, Pittsboro, Thos. C. Carter, Burlington, and Long & Ross, Graham, for plaintiff appellants.

Smith, Wharton, Sapp & Moore, Greensboro, for defendant appellee American Oil Company.

J. L. Moody, L. P. Dixon, Siler City, and Barber & Thompson, Pittsboro, for defendant appellee Siler City Oil Company.

BARNHILL, Justice.

Does a Superior Court judge have authority to permit the filing of a new complaint after the opinion of this Court, reversing judgment overruling a demurrer for misjoinder of parties and causes of action, has been certified down but before final judgment in the Superior Court? This is the one specific question presented for decision. The court below said no. We are constrained to reverse.

Where the ground of demurrer is the misjoinder of causes of action, the cause will not be dismissed. The court will merely sever the causes and divide the actions. G.S. § 1-132; Salisbury Morris Plan Co. v. McCanless, 193 N.C. 200, 136 S.E. 371; Pressley v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., 226 N.C. 518, 39 S.E.2d 382.

A demurrer for that the complaint fails to state a cause of action tests the sufficiency of the pleading. General American Life Insurance Co. v. Stadiem, 223 N.C. 49, 25 S.E.2d 202; Leonard v. Maxwell, Com'r of Revenue, 216 N.C. 89, 3 S.E.2d 316; Gentry v. Town of Hot Springs, 227 N.C. 668, 44 S.E.2d 87. It in no wise challenges the validity of the action. An order sustaining the demurrer in effect merely strikes the complaint. The action remains on the docket sans a pleading and will be dismissed only in the event the plaintiff fails to amend or file a new complaint as he is by statute permitted to to do. G.S. §§ 1-131, 1-162; Shore v. Holt, 185 N.C. 312, 117 S.E. 165; Pressley v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., supra; Pittsburg, J., E. & E. R. Co. v. Wakefield Hardware Co., 135 N.C. 73, 47 S.E. 234.

On the other hand, a demurrer for that there is a misjoinder of parties and causes of action strikes at the heart of the case. The right of two or more persons to sue on separate and distinct causes of action where neither plaintiff has an interest in the claim of the other does not exist under our system of procedure. Separate and distinct causes of action set up by different plaintiffs or against different defendants may not be incorporated in the same pleading. Holland v. Whittington 215 N.C. 330, 1 S.E.2d 813. Such a misjoinder of parties and causes constitutes a defect which, if not cured in apt time, necessitates a dismissal of the action. Moore County v. Burns, 224 N.C. 700, 32 S.E.2d 225, and cases cited; Davis v. Whitehurst, 229 N.C. 226, 49 S.E.2d 394; Burleson v. Burleson, 217 N.C. 336, 7 S.E.2d 706.

There can be no division of the action under G.S. § 1-132. The whole must fall. Moore County v. Burns, supra.

After a judgment sustaining a demurrer on this ground is entered, the court is without authority to entertain a motion for leave to file a new or amended complaint for the reason there is no action pending in which the court has jurisdiction to entertain the motion. Grady v. Warren, 202 N.C. 638, 163 S.E. 679. If the plaintiff stands his ground and risks an adverse judgment on a demurrer for misjoinder of parties and causes, and judgment is entered sustaining the demurrer and dismissing the action, he must suffer the consequences.

It may be that this Court in the beginning might have held that the provisions of G.S. § 1-131 serve to retain the cause on the docket after final judgment sustaining a demurrer for misjoinder of parties and causes, for the purpose of entertaining a motion for leave to amend. The fact remains it did not do so. Instead, it concluded that such judgment ends the action for all purposes save the right of appeal. With some slight wavering in the beginning, the Court has consistently followed this view. We now see no good reason why we should depart from the long line of cases to that effect.

But this does not mean that plaintiff is cut off and deprived of his right to move for leave to amend his pleadings immediately upon the filing of the demurrer or at any time prior to an adverse ruling on the demurrer. G.S. § 1-161; Walker v. Standard Oil Co., 222 N.C. 607, 24 S.E.2d 254; Sparks v. Sparks, 203 N.C. 715, 55 S.E.2d 477. Until the demurrer is heard and sustained the cause is open for motion to file a substituted or amended pleading, and the court has full authority to hear the motion and permit the plaintiff to replead.

This brings us to the force and effect of our opinion on the former appeal. We did not sustain the demurrer or enter judgment dismissing the action. We merely held...