Thompson v. Thompson

• Decision Date: 10 July 1985
• Docket Number: No. 83-20-A,83-20-A
• Citation: 495 A.2d 678
• Parties: Alexander R. THOMPSON v. Virginia W.P. THOMPSON. ppeal.
• Court: Rhode Island Supreme Court

Page 678

495 A.2d 678

Alexander R. THOMPSON v. Virginia W.P. THOMPSON.

No. 83-20-Appeal.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

July 10, 1985.

Thomas W. Pearlman, Morton J. Marks, Pearlman & Vogel, Providence, for plaintiff.

Francis A. Gaschen, Gaschen Law Offices, Pawtucket, for defendant.

OPINION

KELLEHER, Justice.

This litigation involves the assets of the estate of Dr. Edward R. Thompson (Edward), who died testate on October 23, 1973. Edward was survived by his third wife, defendant Virginia W.P. Thompson (Virginia), and by four children from his previous marriages, including the plaintiff, Alexander R. Thompson (Alexander). Alexander commenced this action in 1978 against Virginia in his dual capacities as administrator, c.t.a., of Edward's estate and beneficiary under his will, alleging that Virginia has failed to fulfill an agreement she made with Edward prior to his death requiring her, in accordance with Edward's will, to place all of the estate's assets, as well as her own, in a trust fund for her benefit while living, with the remainder to be distributed at her death to Edward's four children. The Superior Court trial justice dismissed the action pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Superior Court Rules of Civil Procedure for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. We reverse.

On October 12, 1973, Edward executed a will providing that Virginia would receive all of his "tangible personal property" upon his death and stipulating that the remainder of the estate should be placed in trust. Virginia was to have the use of the income and trustee-approved portions of the principal of the trust during her lifetime with any remainder at her death to be distributed among the four children, terminating the trust. At the time that the will was executed, Edward was informed by his attorney that all of his real property, a substantial portion of which had belonged to Virginia prior to her marriage to Edward, was held jointly with his wife and would pass to her independently of the will. As a result, no assets would remain in the estate with which to fund the trust. Indeed, no trust has ever been established. ¹

Alexander alleges that Edward's will was executed pursuant to an oral agreement with Virginia whereby they both promised to execute mutual wills in favor of each other and, ultimately, Edward's four children. Thus, to be effective, Edward's will depended upon Virginia's faithful performance of their agreement after his death. Alexander's second amended complaint alleges that Virginia has failed to establish the trust and/or execute a will in favor of the four children. ² It further states that Virginia has wrongfully converted assets of the estate and is likely to waste, convey, or conceal other assets. Alexander sought a declaratory judgment regarding the rights of the respective parties, injunctive relief, an accounting, and specific performance of the agreement. He further requested the imposition of a constructive or resulting trust for the benefit of himself and his siblings.

Virginia denied the existence of an agreement between herself and Edward to make mutual wills or establish a trust. She also counterclaimed for $50,000 to compensate her for the harassment, humiliation, and embarrassment she suffered as a result of the allegations in Alexander's complaint.

After argument of counsel, the trial justice granted Virginia's motion to dismiss the complaint under Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. He stated without elaboration, "I'm going to grant your motion," apparently accepting Virginia's argument that Alexander could not pursue his claim until Virginia actually died without fully performing her obligations under the agreement. We disagree.

In ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the trial justice must look no further than the complaint, assuming the truth of all the allegations therein and resolving any doubts in the plaintiff's favor. Romanello v. Maguire, 122 R.I. 171, 176, 404 A.2d 833, 835-36 (1979). The motion is granted only when "it appears to a certainty that [a plaintiff] will not be entitled to relief under any set of facts which might be proved in support of his claim." Salvadore v. Major Electric & Supply, Inc., --- R.I. ---, ---, 469 A.2d 353, 357 (1983) (quoting Bragg v. Warwick Shoppers World, Inc., 102 R.I. 8, 12, 227 A.2d 582, 584 (1967)). Applying this standard, we believe that Alexander's second amended complaint sufficiently alleges a claim that, if proven at trial, would entitle him to relief.

More than eighty years ago we recognized the validity of oral agreements to dispose of property by will. Spencer v. Spencer, 25 R.I. 239, 241, 55 A. 637, 637 (1903). Such contracts, we held, "may be enforced in equity, after [the promisor's] decease, against his heirs, devisees, or personal representatives. * * * There can be no difference in principle between contracts to be performed in life or at death." Id. at 241, 55 A. at 637-38. The statute of frauds, G.L. 1956 (1969 Reenactment) § 9-1-4, does not prohibit enforcement of such oral agreements where completed performance of one party is demonstrated, if the performance is "referable exclusively to the contract." Lambert v. Lambert, 82 R.I. 166, 171, 106 A.2d 729, 731 (1954). See also Baumgartner v. Seidel, 75 R.I. 243, 246, 65 A.2d 697, 698 (1949). Thus, if the alleged contract is supported by consideration and is otherwise valid, it is binding and may be enforced by "any of the persons for whose benefit, after the death of the surviving party, the agreement was made." Daniels v. Aharonian, 63 R.I. 282, 289, 7 A.2d 767, 770 (1939).

Viewed in the light most favorable to Alexander, his second amended complaint sufficiently alleges facts that, if proven at trial, would establish the existence of an oral agreement supported by consideration between Edward and Virginia to dispose of their property in favor of Alexander and his siblings. The complaint further recites Alexander's position as a beneficiary of both Edward's will and the agreement between Edward and Virginia, establishing his standing to maintain the action. In addition, the complaint alleges that Edward had fully performed his part of the agreement by providing "among other things, services and goods to the defendant, and [withholding] taking any action that might have been adverse to defendant" during his lifetime, as well as by executing the will that was in effect at the time of his death.

The one allegation noticeably absent from Alexander's complaint was delicately highlighted by the trial justice, who asked, "Has [Virginia] died?" Counsel's negative response to this query apparently convinced the trial justice that Alexander's claim was premature, accruing under Rhode Island law only if the agreement remained unfulfilled at Virginia's death. While this specific issue has not been previously addressed by this court, we have concluded that a mutual agreement to dispose of property by will may be enforced prior to the death of the surviving but recalcitrant promisor where the promisor has repudiated his or her responsibilities under the contract.

The issue before us has been variously addressed by other jurisdictions. The Court of...