Ulmer v. O'MALLEY, 51472.

• Decision Date: 10 July 1981
• Docket Number: No. 51472.,51472.
• Parties: Kimberly Anne ULMER, Respondent, v. Jack O'MALLEY, Jr., Appellant.
• Court: Minnesota Supreme Court

307 N.W.2d 775 (1981)

Kimberly Anne ULMER, Respondent, v. Jack O'MALLEY, Jr., Appellant.

No. 51472.

Supreme Court of Minnesota.

July 10, 1981.

Farrish, Johnson, Maschka & Hottinger, Mankato, for appellant.

Timothy P. Frederick, Mankato, for respondent.

Considered and decided by the court en banc without oral argument.

SIMONETT, Justice.

Defendant Jack O'Malley, Jr., appeals from an order denying his motion to dismiss this paternity action for lack of personal jurisdiction. The motion came before the district court on the following stipulated facts. In November 1979, plaintiff Kimberly Anne Ulmer moved from South Dakota to Minnesota. Shortly after her arrival she contacted Lutheran Social Service and informed a social worker that she was pregnant and planned to put the baby up for adoption. She named defendant as the child's father and stated that she had engaged in sexual relations with him in March of 1979 in South Dakota.

To assist placement of the baby for adoption, the social worker wrote to defendant on December 3, 1979, requesting a social and medical history. The letter also requested payment of expenses for one month's foster care and explained that once the child was born a consent to termination of parental rights would be required. By letter dated December 12, 1979, a South Dakota attorney responded with the requested information and a check drawn on his firm's trust account. The letter denied paternity, stated that the biographical information was provided merely for "whatever it is worth," and characterized the check as a donation to Lutheran Social Service.

On December 20, 1979, Ms. Ulmer gave birth to a daughter. Ten days later she decided to keep the child. In early January, the social worker wrote to the attorney informing him of the change in plans and requesting instructions regarding the check. In March, the attorney responded that the check should be treated as a donation.

On April 4, 1980, Ms. Ulmer commenced this paternity action against defendant. He was personally served with the summons and complaint in South Dakota. On May 5, 1980, defendant specially appeared and moved to dismiss the suit for lack of personal jurisdiction. Defendant has never been in Minnesota nor does he have any business or property interests here. The district court denied the motion and this appeal followed.

Before a Minnesota court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant, two criteria must be met. First, the long-arm statute, Minn.Stat. § 543.19 (1980), must be satisfied. Second, there must exist "minimum contacts" between the defendant and this state such that assertion of jurisdiction does not offend the due process clause. We have previously considered both questions as they apply to paternity proceedings in Howells v. McKibben, 281 N.W.2d 154 (Minn.1979). There we held that civil proceedings to establish paternity involved tortious conduct within the meaning of the long-arm statute. Although the long-arm statute has since been amended to require that defendant commit only an "act" rather than a "tort," the change is insignificant in this context. In Howells we also found the nonresident defendant's contacts with Minnesota to be sufficient to satisfy due process.

In determining whether maintenance of suit is consistent with traditional due process notions of fairness, we have considered five factors: (1) the quantity of defendant's contacts with this state; (2) the nature and quality of the contacts; (3) the connection of the cause of action with those contacts; (4)...