Van Guilder v. State, 04-83-00109-CR

• Decision Date: 25 July 1984
• Docket Number: No. 04-83-00109-CR,04-83-00109-CR
• Citation: 674 S.W.2d 915
• Parties: Joyce Ann VAN GUILDER, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 915

674 S.W.2d 915

Joyce Ann VAN GUILDER, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.

No. 04-83-00109-CR.

Court of Appeals of Texas,

San Antonio.

July 25, 1984.

Richard Langlois, San Antonio, for appellant.

Edward F. Shaughnessy, III, Asst. Dist. Atty., San Antonio, for appellee.

Before ESQUIVEL, REEVES and DIAL, JJ.

OPINION

DIAL, Justice.

This is an appeal from a conviction for attempted murder. The appellant was found guilty in a jury trial for this offense and was assessed punishment by the jury at twenty (20) years' confinement in the Texas Department of Corrections.

The appellant was indicted for five offenses growing out of one continuous transaction. One indictment was for the offense of murder, and the other four indictments, including the one on which this appeal is based, were for the offense of attempted murder. By agreement, a joint trial was held on all five indictments. The appellant entered a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity to each of the five indictments. Inexplicably, the jury found the appellant guilty of the offense that occurred first in time, and not guilty by reason of insanity on the other four indictments.

There is virtually no dispute as to the evidence of the commission of the five offenses. On the date in question at approximately 11:00 a.m., Sterling Ditzler was sitting on a sofa in the living room of his duplex-type apartment watching television. The appellant, a tenant in the same apartment complex, abruptly entered the apartment and yelled, "You're going to pay, you killed her," and shot Ditzler with a pistol, wounding him. The appellant then shot two women in an adjoining kitchen; one was seriously wounded, and the other died. Ditzler ran out and entered an adjacent apartment. Appellant then appeared in the second apartment and repeated, "You killed her, and you're going to pay for it," and she shot and wounded two occupants in that apartment. Appellant then threw the pistol under a tree as she fled the premises. Appellant was taken into custody some three-quarters of a mile away from the scene. She had jumped or fallen off a high embankment to the apron of the interstate highway. As a result of the fall, appellant had sustained a fracture to both legs and her vertebra.

Appellant brings two grounds of error:

GROUND OF ERROR NO. 1:

THE VERDICT OF THE JURY IS CONTRARY TO THE GREAT WEIGHT AND PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE AS TO BE MANIFESTLY WRONG AND UNJUST.

GROUND OF ERROR NO. 2:

THE VERDICT OF THE JURY IS CONTRARY TO THE EVIDENCE AS A MATTER OF LAW BECAUSE THE APPELLANT ESTABLISHED THE AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE OF INSANITY.

Appellant's only evidence was offered on the issue of insanity. The evidence was lengthy, convincing and uncontroverted.

The evidence consisted of testimony by friends, the appellant's brother, and medical personnel. Appellant's medical history established that her father was an alcoholic who abused her mother. Appellant was sexually molested at an early age, and an incestuous relationship was attempted by a relative. Appellant had difficulty with her sexual identity, preferring to wear male clothes and adopting masculine mannerisms. While in the military, she developed a lesbian relationship which conflicted with her religious beliefs.

Dr. William Gillian testified that he was a psychiatrist and a member of the medical board that recommended the appellant's discharge from the Army. She was discharged on the basis of being medically unfit because of a psychiatric condition diagnosed as schizophrenic chronic with differential type. She was found to be thirty percent (30%) medically disabled.

At the time of her arrest, appellant was in a state of confusion. She did not know who she was, but she made attempts to conceal the fact that she was a female. She indicated, "Someone told me they were after me; someone told me I had to save the children." She thought she was in a jogging race such as the "Chariots of Fire." She was walking along the road when she perceived a big green car with a fat lip chasing her. The doctors excluded the possibility of malingering.

Dr. Paul Mohl testified that he was a psychiatrist on the staff of the Medical Center Hospital, where appellant was brought for treatment following her arrest. He stated appellant's thinking was not logical, and she expressed unrealistic ideas, such as being a biblical character named Jacob. She also expressed ideas of persecution for homosexuality. Dr. Mohl felt that appellant was psychotic of the schizophrenia type.

Dr. James O. Sherman, a psychologist employed by Bexar County, Texas, testified that he administered a battery of psychological tests to the appellant. Based on these tests and other information assembled by Dr. Sherman, he reached a diagnosis of schizophrenic disorder of the paranoid type. He was further of the opinion that on the date in question appellant was not able to fully appreciate the wrongfulness of her acts nor was she able to conform her behavior to the standards of law because of the delusions she was suffering.

Dr. John Sparks, the Bexar County psychiatrist, testified that he performed extensive psychiatric examinations of appellant upon orders of the court. He stated that appellant had a mental disease which he classified as schizophrenia of the paranoid type. It was Dr. Sparks' professional opinion that on the date in question, the appellant, as the result of a mental disease or defect, did not know that what she was doing was wrong, and she was incapable of conforming her conduct to the laws of society at that time.

Dr. Franklin Redmann, a private physician practicing in the specialty of psychiatry, was then asked a hypothetical question based on all the facts adduced at the trial. The doctor concluded that the person described in the facts would be unable to tell right from wrong and would be unable to conform to what was right, as a result of mental disease or defect.

The State offered no rebuttal testimony on the issue of insanity. The State argues instead, that this particular defensive issue is an affirmative defense which the State is not required to negate. The State cites Madrid v. State, 595 S.W.2d 106 (Tex.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 848, 101 S.Ct. 134, 66 L.Ed.2d 58 (1980); Graham v. State, 566 S.W.2d 941 (Tex.Crim.App.1978).

The rule that the State is not required to negate affirmative defenses, though mentioned in Madrid, derives instead from TEX.PENAL CODE ANN. § 2.04(b) (Vernon 1974). The rule actually states in its entirety, "The prosecuting attorney is not required to negate the existence of an affirmative defense in the accusation charging commission of the offense." (Emphasis added). The statute means that the State does not have to plead in its indictment the negative of an affirmative defense. It does not give the State a free ride proof-wise if the affirmative defense is raised by credible evidence.

In Madrid, the appellant contended he had established his defense of insanity as a matter of law because the State produced no evidence in rebuttal. Madrid can be distinguished. As Judge Onion pointed out in his opinion on rehearing, appellant had one witness on the issue of insanity. He was a psychiatrist who testified he had only examined the appellant for one-and-a-half hours, and did not have the benefit of psychological testing. The State then called in rebuttal, another doctor who had practiced medicine and psychiatry for fifty years. This doctor testified he could not diagnose legal insanity based on only a one-and-a-half hour examination without psychological testing. The jury apparently concluded that appellant had not established insanity by a preponderance of the evidence, i.e., the greater weight of credible testimony.

By contrast, in the present case, the defense offered five doctors with unimpeachable credibility. No effort was made to lessen the impact of the doctor's testimony through cross-examination. The attorney for the State, in a very commendable effort to comply with the requirement that exculpatory evidence be revealed, made a statement for the record out of the presence of the jury. He advised that the State had retained another doctor as a consultant. This doctor reviewed the material that had been available to Dr. Sparks and Dr. Sherman, and concurred in their diagnosis that at the time of the offense, the appellant was suffering from a paranoid schizophrenic condition that was the cause of her not being able to conform her conduct to the requirements of the law. The sheer weight and believability of the appellant's evidence and testimony of insanity distinguishes our present case from...