Wakily v. State
| Decision Date | 14 February 1997 |
| Docket Number | No. A96A2018,A96A2018 |
| Citation | 483 S.E.2d 313,225 Ga.App. 56 |
| Parties | , 97 FCDR 645 WAKILY v. The STATE. |
| Court | Georgia Court of Appeals |
Elaine T. McGruder, Atlanta, for Appellant.
Lewis R. Slaton, Dist. Atty., Leonora Grant, Charles E. Rooks, Elizabeth W. Morn, Asst. Dist. Attys., for Appellee.
Rageeb Wakily, aka Derrick Edmondson, was found guilty by a jury of armed robbery; the jury acquitted him of a charge of kidnapping. His motion for new trial was denied, and he appeals.
The charges against Wakily arose out of an incident that began when the victim, accompanied by his girl friend, was nearing his home and noticed a small blue car parked nearby. Two men then approached them, and one of the men pulled a gun and ordered the woman to the ground; he told the victim to empty his pockets. According to the victim, the other man, Wakily, stood beside the gunman but said nothing. After picking up the money, the gunman told the victim to leave and pointed the gun at the victim as he fled. He ordered the woman to come with him. The victim was able to find a police officer and rode back to the scene.
When the police arrived, they observed Wakily and the gunman placing the woman in the back seat of the small blue car. When the officers turned on their blue lights Wakily ran to the driver's seat and drove away. A chase ensued, during which Wakily wrecked the car. He and the other man jumped out and fled on foot in opposite directions. The woman remained in the car and was found there by the police. Wakily was apprehended in a wooded area shortly thereafter; the other man was never found. Wakily denied being the driver of the car.
1. In three enumerations, Wakily contends the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction. We do not agree.
Wakily argues that he was merely present at the scene of a crime and the evidence shows that he did not point a gun at the victim or rob him. It is true that mere presence at the scene of a crime will not support a conviction. The accused's conduct before and after the offense, however, may present circumstances from which the jury may infer criminal intent. Further, one is a party to a crime if one intentionally aids or abets in its commission. Grace v. State, 210 Ga.App. 718, 719(1), 437 S.E.2d 485 (1993).
Here, as in Grace, the evidence demonstrates that Wakily was more than a mere bystander at the scene of the crime. The jury was authorized to infer from Wakily's actions that he was, in fact, a participant in the crime. He could have left, but he remained unprotesting at the scene while the victim was robbed. He then drove the car in which the robber fled after assisting the other man in placing the woman in the car. Finally, his flight is evidence of guilt. We find this evidence sufficient to authorize the jury to find Wakily guilty of armed robbery under the standard set forth in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979).
2. Wakily chose to represent himself at trial, informing the trial court that he had done so before and had been successful. Wakily maintains that it should have been clear to the trial court that he was not able to represent himself because he refused street clothing at trial, he rejected a plea bargain offering to run a five-year sentence concurrently with his prior revoked probation of two years, and he did not object to having received notice of recidivist charges on the day before trial. He argues that despite these questionable acts on his part, the trial court improperly failed to warn him of the dangers of self-representation.
We find no merit in this contention. The record reveals that the trial court repeatedly warned Wakily of the dangers of self-representation and urged him to allow the court to appoint an attorney to represent him.
He was warned of these dangers several times at his arraignment when he first voiced his desire to represent himself. The trial court informed him of his right to appointed counsel; a public defender was actually present at the arraignment and his representation was rejected. The trial judge indicated to Wakily that she believed he was using poor judgment in this regard, emphatically repeating that he needed a lawyer and could get "creamed" if he chose to proceed without one.
The court appointed standby counsel to assist Wakily with his self-representation and warned him again at the beginning of his trial. Near the conclusion of the State's case, when Wakily requested that standby counsel be allowed to take a more active role, his request was granted. At that point, the trial judge again repeated her concerns about Wakily's self-representation. The record demonstrates conclusively that the trial court fulfilled its responsibility in this regard. See Hobson v. State, 266 Ga. 638, 639(2), 469 S.E.2d 188 (1996).
3. Wakily asserts that appointed standby counsel (later co-counsel) rendered ineffective assistance. A strong presumption exists that counsel's performance fell within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance, and the trial court's determination that an accused has not been denied effective assistance of counsel must be affirmed unless it appears clearly erroneous. Binion v. State, 222 Ga.App. 333, 334(1), 474 S.E.2d 208 (1996).
Some of the complaints Wakily raises about counsel's performance actually occurred during that portion of the trial in which Wakily was representing himself. He is therefore barred from raising those complaints on appeal. Mullins v. Lavoie, 249 Ga. 411, 290 S.E.2d 472 (1982). Other allegations are belied by the record. For instance, Wakily complains that the lawyer did not request a continuance in order to obtain a copy of the probation revocation hearing transcript needed to impeach the victim with his prior inconsistent testimony. The record shows that counsel in fact did make a request for the transcript; the request was denied by the trial court because the transcript had not yet been prepared. Wakily complains that the lawyer deferred to him regarding strategy, but the record reflects that those were his counsel's instructions from the trial court. Although Wakily now states he wanted to testify in his own defense, when the trial court inquired whether he wished to do so, Wakily replied that he did not.
Wakily has failed to overcome the strong presumption that counsel's representation was effective, and the trial court's determination is not clearly erroneous. It is therefore affirmed.
4. Wakily also contends the trial court erred in refusing to allow him to obtain a copy of the prior transcript and in failing to advise him of proper impeachment technique. This enumeration relates to Wakily's desire to impeach the victim with prior inconsistent testimony given at Wakily's probation revocation hearing. At the revocation hearing, the victim testified he believed his girl friend knew the gunman because he had seen her speak with him on two prior occasions. At trial, however, the victim testified unequivocally that his girl friend did not know the gunman and that he had never seen her speak to him before. Wakily, still acting pro se with only standby counsel, sought to impeach the victim with this previous testimony. The State objected because Wakily did not provide a transcript of the prior sworn testimony, and the trial court sustained the objection.
This enumeration has no merit. Any errors in Wakily's impeachment techniques were risks he assumed when he insisted upon self-representation against the trial court's advice and counsel. See May v. State, 217 Ga.App. 427, 428, 457 S.E.2d 694 (1995). And impeachment must concern relevant issues. OCGA § 24-9-83. A witness may not be impeached by contradictory statements previously made by him as to immaterial matters. Thompson v. State, 187 Ga.App. 152, 153, 369 S.E.2d 523 (1988). The testimony on which Wakily sought to impeach the victim was not relevant or material. Whether the victim's girl friend knew Wakily's companion has no bearing on whether Wakily was involved in the crimes charged. Any error was therefore harmless.
5. Wakily next alleges error in the trial court's admission of certain statements made by him while in police custody, on the ground that they were not furnished to him ten days before trial, as was required by...
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