Walker Sand v. Baytown Asphalt Materials

• Decision Date: 27 November 2002
• Docket Number: No. 01-02-00183-CV.,01-02-00183-CV.
• Citation: 95 S.W.3d 511
• Parties: WALKER SAND, INC., Appellant, v. BAYTOWN ASPHALT MATERIALS, LTD. and Riversand Partners, L.L.C., Appellees.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

95 S.W.3d 511

WALKER SAND, INC., Appellant, v. BAYTOWN ASPHALT MATERIALS, LTD. and Riversand Partners, L.L.C., Appellees.

No. 01-02-00183-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas, Houston (1st Dist.).

November 27, 2002.

L.T. "Butch" Bradt, The Teltschik Law Firm, Houston, for Appellant.

Louis L. Bagwell, Baker & Botts, Mark Douglas Goranson, Law Offices of Mark D. Goranson, Houston, for Appellees.

Panel consists of Justices HEDGES, KEYES, and DUGGAN^*

OPINION

LEE DUGGAN, JR., Justice.

In this interlocutory appeal, Walker Sand, Inc. ("Walker") challenges the trial court's order denying Walker's request to stay proceedings to permit arbitration.¹ Because no statute specifically allows for an interlocutory appeal of such an order, we dismiss Walker's appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

CASE OVERVIEW

This appeal arises from a dispute over the interpretation of a contract between RiverSand Partners, L.L.C. ("RiverSand") and Walker. The contract granted Walker the right to excavate and remove sand from RiverSand's property. The contract also contained a clause requiring all disputes between Walker and RiverSand that arose out of the terms, conditions, enforcement, or interpretation of the contract, to be first submitted to non-binding mediation, and then, if mediation was unsuccessful, to binding arbitration.

Baytown Asphalt Materials, Ltd. ("BAM") also had a contract with River-Sand that granted BAM the right to mine sand from RiverSand's property. A dispute arose among the parties regarding whether the RiverSand/Walker contract gave Walker the exclusive right to mine sand from the subject property. As a result of the dispute, BAM filed a declaratory judgment action against Walker and RiverSand in the 152nd District Court, the Honorable Harvey Brown presiding, on July 5, 2001. BAM requested the trial court to declare that the RiverSand/Walker contract did not grant Walker the exclusive right to excavate and remove sand from the property.

Walker filed a cross-claim against River-Sand seeking to enforce the mediation and arbitration clause in the RiverSand/Walker contract.² In addition to the cross-claim, Walker separately filed a motion entitled "Defendant Walker Sand, Inc.'s Request to Stay Proceedings to Permit Arbitration." The motion did not request the trial court to compel the parties to engage in arbitration; rather, Walker simply moved the trial court to abate proceedings until arbitration was completed and judgment entered on the arbitration award.

After BAM filed suit in Judge Brown's court, Walker filed suit against RiverSand, but not BAM, in the 281st District Court, the Honorable Jane Bland, presiding. RiverSand did not file an answer to Walker's suit in Judge Bland's court and, as a result, Walker obtained a default judgment against RiverSand on October 25, 2001. In the default judgment, Judge Bland ordered Walker and RiverSand to mediate any disputes that arose out of the terms, conditions, enforcement, or interpretation of the Walker/RiverSand contract. The default judgment further provided that, in the event the disputes were not resolved by mediation, the parties were then required to participate in binding arbitration.

On January 23, 2002, Walker filed a supplemental motion to stay proceedings in Judge Brown's court. The supplemental motion reiterated Walker's request to stay proceedings until the dispute had been arbitrated, but did not request the trial court to order arbitration.

On January 25, 2002, Judge Brown conducted a hearing on a motion for partial summary judgment filed by BAM. At the hearing, Walker's counsel requested Judge Brown to consider Walker's motion to stay proceedings until after arbitration had been completed. Walker's counsel did not request Judge Brown to sign an order compelling arbitration. As stated above, at the time of the January 25 hearing, Walker had already obtained a default judgment in Judge Bland's court, which ordered the parties to mediate, and then arbitrate the dispute.

Following the hearing, Judge Brown signed an order denying Walker's motion to stay the proceedings.³ It is from the January 25 order denying Walker's motion to stay proceedings that Walker appeals⁴

In two issues, Walker complains that the trial court erred in denying Walker's right to arbitrate and that the "order denying arbitration" was an impermissible collateral attack on the default judgment signed by Judge Bland.

JURISDICTION

Although none of the parties have challenged our jurisdiction over this interlocutory appeal, we must first address this issue before we can reach the merits of Walker's arguments. See Davis v. Covert, 983 S.W.2d 301, 302 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, pet. dism'd w.o.j.). Appellate courts must determine, even sua sponte, the question of jurisdiction, and the lack of jurisdiction may not be ignored simply because the parties do not raise the issue. See McCauley v. Consol. Underwriters, 157 Tex. 475, 304 S.W.2d 265, 266 (1957); Davis, 983 S.W.2d at 302. When an appellate court concludes it does not have jurisdiction, it can only dismiss the appeal. Bethurum v. Holland, 771 S.W.2d 719, 722 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 1989, no writ).

The legislature determines, by statute, whether a particular type of pretrial ruling may be appealable before a final judgment is rendered. Appellate courts have jurisdiction to consider immediate appeals of interlocutory orders only if a statute explicitly provides appellate jurisdiction. Stay v. DeBord, 967 S.W.2d 352, 352-53 (Tex.1998); Eichelberger v. Hayton, 814 S.W.2d 179, 182 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist] 1991, writ denied). A statute authorizing an appeal from an interlocutory order is in derogation of the general rule that only final judgments are appealable; therefore, Texas courts strictly construe those statutes authorizing interlocutory appeals. America Online, Inc. v. Williams, 958 S.W.2d 268, 271 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, no writ); Tober v. Turner of Tex., Inc., 668 S.W.2d 831, 835 (Tex.App.-Austin 1984, no writ).

In its brief, Walker states we have jurisdiction over this interlocutory appeal pursuant to Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code section 171.098, which provides as follows:

(a) A party may appeal a judgment or decree entered under this chapter or an order:

(1) denying an application to compel arbitration made under Section 171.021;

(2) granting an application to stay arbitration made under Section 171.023;

(3) confirming or denying confirmation of an award;

(4) modifying or correcting an award; or (5) vacating an award without directing a rehearing.

(b) The appeal shall be taken in the manner and to the same extent as an appeal from an order or judgment in a civil action.

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 171.098 (Vernon Supp.2002). Specifically, Walker complains the January 25 order denied Walker's contractual right to arbitrate. By complaining of the "order denying arbitration," Walker has attempted to phrase its issues to bring this appeal within the language of subsection 171.098(a)(1). However, it is the substance and function of the order viewed in the context of the record that controls our interlocutory jurisdiction, not Walker's characterization of the order. See Markel v. World Flight, Inc., 938 S.W.2d 74, 78 (Tex.App.-San Antonio, no writ).

Without elaboration, the January 25 order simply denies Walker's "Request to Stay Proceedings To Permit Arbitration." Concomitantly, it follows that if Walker's "Request to Stay Proceedings To Permit Arbitration" is not an application to compel arbitration, then the order is not an appealable, interlocutory order contemplated by subsection 171.098(a)(1). Thus, we turn to the language of Walker's "Request to Stay Proceedings To Permit Arbitration" to determine whether the order is appealable.

Walker's motion stated, in relevant part, as follows:

3. Walker Sand, Inc. has sued Riverside Partners, L.L.C. [sic] to enforce the mediation/arbitration clause contained in the contract between Walker Sand, Inc. and Riverside Partners, L.L.C. [sic] to obtain a construction of the contract between them.⁵

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