Watkins v. State, 4 Div. 261

• Decision Date: 10 April 1984
• Docket Number: 4 Div. 261
• Citation: 455 So.2d 160
• Parties: Jerry Paul WATKINS v. STATE.
• Court: Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 160

455 So.2d 160

Jerry Paul WATKINS v. STATE.

4 Div. 261.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama.

April 10, 1984.

Rehearing Denied May 8, 1984.

Certiorari Denied July 20, 1984

Alabama Supreme Court 83-920.

Michael Crespi, Headland, for appellant.

Charles A. Graddick, Atty. Gen., and James B. Prude, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

BOWEN, Presiding Judge.

Jerry Paul Watkins appeals from the revocation of his probation. The only issue on appeal is whether the trial court had jurisdiction to order the revocation.

The State's sole witness at the revocation hearing was Sheriff J.F. Welcher. The sum total of Welcher's testimony is that he was notified by the Georgia authorities that Watkins was serving time in Georgia for an aggravated assault. One of Welcher's deputies subsequently traveled to Augusta, Georgia, and picked up Watkins.

After the State rested, Watkins called Robert McCullough, a probation officer. Although McCullough was not the probation officer assigned to Watkins' case, he had brought to the hearing the file compiled by Watkins' probation officer. By referring to this file, McCullough testified that Watkins' probation officer, a Mr. Edwards, "in his report or in the file, showed (Watkins) was declared delinquent June 30 of '81. And, delinquent means that his time stops." Watkins' delinquency status "was entered in the computer in Montgomery in our central office." McCullough further stated:

"Now, I don't know what the date of the delinquency report, of the report we are using here this morning. The last one we got, this is what we call the Court's Order of arrest, because our regular forms, we don't like to send them out of state. We ask the Judge to sign a copy and this was signed October 11, 1983, in order for the Sheriff to be able to go get him."

The record discloses that Watkins pled guilty to possession of marijuana on May 1, 1978, and was sentenced to three years' imprisonment. On June 8, 1978, this sentence was suspended and Watkins was placed on probation for four years.

Watkins contends that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to revoke his probation because the bench warrant for his arrest was not issued until after the expiration of his probation period. The State counters with the argument that Edwards' (the probation officer) notation that Watkins was delinquent was sufficient to toll the running of Watkins' probation period.

The general rule is that a revocation proceeding must be initiated prior to the date of the offender's release from probation.

"Just as wrongful conduct which is the basis of a revocation must generally occur during the period of probation or parole, the vast majority of American jurisdictions hold that revocation proceedings must be initiated prior to the date of the offender's release from probation or parole. What this means is that process sufficient to begin revocation proceedings must issue before the end of the probation or parole term. Jurisdictions have adopted a variety of ways to commence revocations. The most common methods include a summons, arrest warrant, warrantless arrest, show cause order, and a motion to revoke."

N. Cohen & J. Gobert, The Law of Probation and Parole Section 11.01 at 525-26 (1983) (footnotes omitted) (emphasis added). See also Annot., 13 A.L.R.4th 1240 Sections 6-8 (1982).

Alabama Code Section 15-22-54(c) provides: "At any time during the period of probation or suspension of execution of sentence, the court may issue a warrant and cause the defendant to be arrested for violating any of the conditions of probation or suspension of sentence." (Emphasis added.) Under Section 15-22-54(d), a probationer may be arrested without a court issued warrant if the arresting officer has a written statement from a probation officer "setting forth that the probationer has, in (the probation officer's) judgment, violated the conditions of probation." If the arresting officer is also the probation officer, however, no such statement is necessary. Dietz v. State (Ms. 8 Div. 866, March 20, 1984), --- So.2d ---- (Ala.Cr.App.1984).

Section 15-22-54(c) expressly applies only during the probation period. Although Section 15-22-54(d) is not expressly limited to the probation period, that limitation is implicit in its wording--one is a probationer only during the period of probation. We think the clear intent of Section 15-22-54(c) and (d) is to require that an official act sufficient to begin revocation proceedings be done before the end of the probation period. The probation period is not tolled until this act occurs. See Peoples v. State, 439 So.2d 774 (Ala.Cr.App.1983) (holding that, "(a)s a practical matter, the running of the period of probation must be considered tolled when a warrant of arrest for violation of probation is issued by the court", or when a probation officer has prepared a written statement in conformance with Section 15-22-54(d) and delivered it to an officer with arrest powers along with a request to arrest the probationer).

Watkins' four-year period of probation was to have ended June 8, 1982. Clearly, the bench warrant dated October 11, 1983, was not issued within the probation period and, in view of the express language of Section 15-22-54(c), was not valid. Hamilton v. State, 441 So.2d 1035 (Ala.Cr.App.1983), holding that probation revocation proceedings may properly be initiated after the actual probation period has expired where there has been no...