Watkins v. the State.

• Decision Date: 13 June 2011
• Docket Number: No. S11A0348.,S11A0348.
• Citation: 289 Ga. 359,711 S.E.2d 655
• Parties: WATKINSv.The STATE.
• Court: Georgia Supreme Court

289 Ga. 359

711 S.E.2d 655

11 FCDR 1773

WATKINS

v.The STATE.

No. S11A0348.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

June 13, 2011.

Angela Z. Brown, for appellant.Patrick H. Head, Dist. Atty., Jesse David Evans, Amelia Greeson Pray, Asst. Dist. Attys., Thurbert E. Baker, Atty. Gen., Paula Khristian Smith, Sr. Asst. Atty. Gen., Sheila Elizabeth Gallow, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.NAHMIAS, Justice.

Robert Watkins appeals from his convictions and sentences for the malice murder of Yan Sing Ku, the aggravated assault of Guadalupe Parilla, conspiracy to commit armed robbery, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime.¹ We affirm.

The evidence at trial, viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, showed that at 10:45 p.m. on April 21, 2006, Watkins, Colton Williams, Marcus Brown, Terrance Coleman, Maya Keating, and Christina Pascarella parked outside the China Wok restaurant on Delk Road. At Watkins' direction, Pascarella and Keating went inside the restaurant to see how many people were there. They saw no other customers, and after purchasing a drink, they returned to the car and told Watkins. Armed with handguns, Watkins and Williams then went through the back door of the restaurant into the kitchen, where they encountered Parilla, who worked as a cook. One of the robbers demanded money from Parilla, who said he did not have any. Yan, who was also a cook, then walked into the kitchen and was immediately shot by the other robber. The robber who initially demanded money from Parilla demanded money again, and when Parilla again said he did not have any, the man shot him. Yan died from his injuries; Parilla, who was shot in the arm, survived.

When Watkins and Williams arrived back at the car, Watkins told the group that he thought he had killed someone and that “if anybody told anybody about what had happened that he would kill them all and kill their family.” After the shooting, Brown called his mother, Marlynn Mays, asking for help. Brown said he was with Watkins and told his mother that he was in trouble and that she needed to watch the news. After Ms. Mays saw that there had been a shooting, she called her son, who said that he and his co-defendants were “riding around” looking for drugs. Brown told his mother that Watkins and Williams went into a building and that he heard two gunshots. When Watkins returned, he told Brown that “he thought he killed somebody.” Brown later told his mother that Watkins and Williams “went in and robbed the China Wok and killed somebody.” Ms. Mays contacted the police.

In a statement to the police, Watkins admitted that he entered the restaurant with a .25 caliber handgun to rob it, but he claimed that he “heard gunshots and left the restaurant.” Williams gave a similar statement to the police.

When viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence presented at trial and summarized above was sufficient to authorize a rational jury to find Watkins guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the crimes for which he was convicted. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). See also Vega v. State, 285 Ga. 32, 33, 673 S.E.2d 223 (2009) (“ ‘It was for the jury to determine the credibility of the witnesses and to resolve any conflicts or inconsistencies in the evidence.’ ” (citation omitted)).

2. (a) Watkins contends that the State engaged in unconstitutional gender-based discrimination by using seven of its eight peremptory strikes against women. See J.E.B. v. Alabama, 511 U.S. 127, 114 S.Ct. 1419, 128 L.Ed.2d 89 (1994).² “The challenging party makes out a prima facie case of purposeful discrimination by showing that the totality of the relevant facts gives rise to an inference of discriminatory purpose.” Livingston v. State, 271 Ga. 714, 718, 524 S.E.2d 222 (1999) (citations and punctuation omitted). Here, the record shows that the jury consisted of ten women (83%), that the percentage of women on the jury was 15% higher than the percentage of possible female jurors from which the jury was chosen (19 of the 28 potential jurors who were subject to peremptory strikes were women), and that the prosecutor accepted about 60% of the potential female jurors. See 6 LaFave, Israel, King & Kerr, Criminal Procedure, § 22.3(d), pp. 136–137 (3rd ed. 2007) (citing cases discussing these factors as relevant to a trial court's determination of whether a prima facie case of discrimination has been established). Moreover, the prosecutor had four strikes remaining when the panel of 12 jurors was accepted, and the list of prospective jurors indicates that, had the prosecutor used those four strikes against women, the result would have been a jury with eight instead of ten women. Considering all of the relevant facts, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in ruling that Watkins failed to establish a prima facie case of discriminatory purpose based on gender. See United States v. Martinez, 621 F.3d 101, 109–110 (2d Cir.2010) (explaining why abuse of discretion is the appropriate standard of review for a trial court's ruling on whether a prima facie case of discrimination was shown).

(b) Watkins also contends that the State engaged in unconstitutional race-based discrimination by using three of its eight peremptory strikes against African–Americans. See Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986). The trial court required the State to present race-neutral reasons for striking these jurors. See id. at 97, 106 S.Ct. 1712. The record supports the trial court's finding that the reasons offered for the three strikes were race neutral and not pretextual. See Ledford v. State, 289 Ga. 70, 82–83, 709 S.E.2d 239 (2011). We therefore affirm the court's denial of the Batson motion. See id.

3. Watkins raises three claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel. To prevail on these claims, Watkins

must show that his trial counsel provided deficient performance and that, but for that unprofessional performance, there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceeding would have been different. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). In examining an ineffectiveness claim, a court need not “address both components of the inquiry if the defendant makes an insufficient showing on one. In particular, a court need not determine whether counsel's performance was deficient before examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of the alleged deficiencies.” Id. at 697 .

Long v. State, 287 Ga. 886, 891, 700 S.E.2d 399 (2010).

(a) Watkins first argues that trial counsel was ineffective because she failed to elicit sufficient testimony from his expert at the Jackson–Denno hearing about his mental abilities and condition when he made his statement to the police, thereby failing to adequately support his claim that he did not knowingly and voluntarily waive his Miranda rights. ³ However, to demonstrate prejudice from trial counsel's alleged failure to elicit favorable testimony at trial, “the defendant may not rely on hearsay or speculation but must either call the witness or ‘introduce a legally recognized substitute for the uncalled witness's testimony.’ ” Bell v. State, 287 Ga. 670, 675, 697 S.E.2d 793 (2010) (quoting Dickens v. State, 280 Ga. 320, 322–323, 627 S.E.2d 587 (2006)). Because Watkins failed to offer such proof at the motion for new trial hearing, he failed to demonstrate prejudice and his claim was properly denied.

(b) Watkins next contends that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to move for a mistrial or request a curative instruction when the State showed the jury two photographs of the murder victim's body at the crime scene, which the trial court had previously ordered the State not to show on the ground that they were duplicative of other photographs. However, given that the two photographs did not show the jury more than other crime scene photographs, and given the strength of the evidence against Watkins, he has failed to show that, even if trial counsel had moved for a mistrial or requested a curative instruction, there is a reasonable probability that the trial court would have granted a mistrial or that the outcome of the trial otherwise would have been different. See Allen v. State, 277 Ga. 502, 503, 591 S.E.2d 784 (2004).

(c) Watkins also contends that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance when she failed to object to the State reviewing his expert's notes at the Jackson–Denno hearing. However, trial counsel gave a reasonable...