Welch v. McClure, 13952

• Decision Date: 02 July 1979
• Docket Number: No. 13952,13952
• Citation: 598 P.2d 980,123 Ariz. 161
• Parties: Berneice WELCH, Individually and as surviving spouse of Duane Oscar Welch, and as mother and Conservator of the Estate of her minor child, Steven Duane Welch, and Gary Alan Welch, Appellants, v. Charles McCLURE and Lillian McClure, husband and wife, and the State of Arizona, Appellees. The STATE of Arizona, Cross Appellant, v. Berneice WELCH, Individually and as surviving spouse of Duane Oscar Welch, and as mother and Conservator of the Estate of her minor child, Steven Duane Welch, and Gary Alan Welch, Cross Appellees.
• Court: Arizona Supreme Court

Page 980

598 P.2d 980

123 Ariz. 161

Berneice WELCH, Individually and as surviving spouse of Duane Oscar Welch, and as mother and Conservator of the Estate of her minor child, Steven Duane Welch, and Gary Alan Welch, Appellants, v. Charles McCLURE and Lillian McClure, husband and wife, and the State of Arizona, Appellees.

The STATE of Arizona, Cross Appellant, v. Berneice WELCH, Individually and as surviving spouse of Duane Oscar Welch, and as mother and Conservator of the Estate of her minor child, Steven Duane Welch, and Gary Alan Welch, Cross Appellees.

No. 13952.

Supreme Court of Arizona, In Banc.

July 2, 1979.

Healy & Beal, by Robert L. Beal and William T. Healy, Tucson, for appellants-cross appellees.

Lesher, Kimble & Rucker, by William Kimble and Robert O. Lesher, Tucson, for appellees McClure.

John A. LaSota, Jr., former Atty. Gen., Phoenix, Robert K. Corbin, Atty. Gen., by D. B. Udall, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., Tucson, for appellee-cross appellant State of Ariz.

HOLOHAN, Justice.

Appellant Berneice Welch filed a wrongful death action against the defendants Charles McClure and his wife and the State of Arizona for causing the death of her husband.

The decedent was employed by the Rainbo Baking Company of Tucson as a truck driver. The defendant Charles McClure was the fleet maintenance supervisor for Rainbo Baking Company and conducted maintenance on the truck which decedent was driving at the time of his death. Decedent was killed when the right front tire on the Rainbo truck deflated suddenly causing his vehicle to swerve out of control striking a guardrail and a nonbreakaway highway sign. Plaintiff alleges negligence and gross negligence on the part of defendant Charles McClure for allowing a much-patched inner tube to be placed in the tire of the right front wheel of the truck. She also alleges negligence and gross negligence on the part of the State of Arizona in placing a nonbreakaway highway sign too close to the traveled portion of the roadway. All parties concede that neither contributory negligence nor assumption of the risk on the part of the decedent are issues in this case.

After trial by jury, verdicts were returned for the plaintiff in the amount of $125,000 for compensatory damages against the defendants jointly, $200,000 in aggravating circumstances damages against the State of Arizona, and $50,000 in aggravating circumstances damages against the defendants McClure. After the verdicts were returned and judgment entered, plaintiff filed a motion for additur or new trial. Plaintiff sought to have the amount of compensatory damages returned by the jury increased to $375,000. The motion for additur was denied by the trial court. Plaintiff alleges such denial was error and filed a timely appeal.

The defendants do not contest the amount of the verdict for compensatory damages, but they do contest the attempted additur. The defendant State of Arizona filed a cross appeal challenging the granting of aggravating circumstances damages which the state contends are equivalent to punitive damages, a form of damages not returnable against the state.

On motion of defendants McClure the trial court ordered a $50,000 remittitur against the amount of aggravating circumstances damages returned against defendants McClure by the jury. Plaintiff challenges this remittitur arguing that the trial court was without jurisdiction to order such remittitur because the motion filed for remittitur was not timely.

After judgment defendants tendered to the plaintiff the amount of compensatory damages the jury had awarded plus costs and interest to date. The tender was in full settlement of all claims which plaintiff might have had for compensatory damages, and the execution of a partial satisfaction of judgment was requested. The tender was refused by the plaintiff.

After judgment the court awarded costs to plaintiff but endeavored to identify and allocate the specific costs incurred by the plaintiff in prosecuting her claims against each defendant. The plaintiff argues on appeal that the court's action in this respect was error and that the defendants McClure and the State of Arizona should be jointly and severally liable for all costs incurred by plaintiff. The issues raised on appeal are as follows:

1) Are aggravating circumstances damages as set out in A.R.S. § 12-613 equivalent to punitive damages? If so, are punitive damages recoverable against the state absent statutory authority?

2) Did the trial court commit error in refusing to grant an additur to plaintiff's verdict for compensatory damages?

3) Did the trial court err in ordering a remittitur in the amount of $50,000 against the aggravating circumstances damages verdict returned against defendants McClure?

4) Are the defendants jointly and severally liable for all of plaintiff's costs?

5) Did the tender by defendants of the amount of compensatory damages plus costs and interest to date relieve the defendants from the obligation to pay interest on the amount of the verdict during appeal?

The first question which must be answered is whether aggravating circumstances damages as set out in A.R.S. § 12-613 ^* allow for the recovery of a special kind of damages akin to but separate and apart from punitive damages. This court has previously held that the words "aggravating circumstances" as used in A.R.S. § 12-613 were a clear application of legislative intent to allow punitive damages in wrongful death actions. Boies v. Cole, 99 Ariz. 198, 407 P.2d 917 (1965). We feel that it is clear that the words "aggravating circumstances" do not provide for a separate category of damages above and beyond punitive damages and that plaintiff's verdict for $200,000 against the state was in fact punitive damages. The state cannot be held liable for punitive damages in the absence of specific statutory authorization. State v. Sanchez,119 Ariz. 64, 579 P.2d 568 (App.1978). In Sanchez the Court of Appeals specifically found that the wording of A.R.S. § 12-613 did not specifically authorize the granting of punitive damages against the state. Since no statutory authorization for punitive damages exists in the case at hand, plaintiff's judgment against the State of Arizona for punitive damages in the amount of $200,000 must be reversed.

The jury returned verdicts in favor of plaintiff against both defendants in the amount of $125,000 in compensatory damages. In plaintiff's new trial motion, plaintiff requested an additur in the amount of $375,000. The trial court rejected this request for additur and the plaintiff alleges on appeal that such rejection was error. We have ruled that we will not disturb a trial judge's ruling regarding the adequacy of a verdict unless that verdict is so inadequate as to be without support in the evidence or the result of passion or prejudice. Carr v. Florian, 43 Ariz. 149, 29 P.2d 728 (1934). We have also held that we would view the evidence in a light most favorable to sustaining the verdict and that, if reasonable men could have agreed with the jury's figure, that verdict would be sustained unless it was so exorbitant as to indicate passion, prejudice, mistake or complete disregard of the evidence and instructions. Meyer v. Ricklick, 99 Ariz. 355, 409 P.2d 280 (1965). We have also held that we must sustain a verdict if there is substantial evidence from which reasonable men could have found the amount in question. Tucson Utility Supplies, Inc. v. Gallagher, 102 Ariz. 499, 433 P.2d 629 (1967). The underlying principle of all these cases is that if the verdict is supported by adequate evidence it will not be disturbed, and the greatest possible discretion is in the hands of the trial judge. Creamer v. Troiano, 108 Ariz. 573, 503 P.2d 794 (1972). In the case at hand a verdict of $125,000 is not so grossly inadequate as to indicate that it was arrived at through passion or prejudice. Our review of the evidence indicates that the amount of the award in question was within the range which a jury could reasonably have found from the evidence as presented. There was no error in denial of the request for additur.

Plaintiff's next argument is that the trial court erred in granting a remittitur of the punitive damage portion of the judgment against defendants McClure. It appears that the defendants McClure filed their motion for new trial and for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, one day late. A motion for new trial or judgment n. o. v. must be filed no later than 15 days after entry of judgment. 16 A.R.S. Rules of Civil Procedure, rules 50(b) and 59(d). The time limits provided in the foregoing rules may not be enlarged. 16 A.R.S. Rules of Civil Procedure, rule 6(b). In Edwards v. Young, 107 Ariz. 283, 285, 486 P.2d 181, 183 (1971), this court stated:

"We are convinced that where, as here, the rules of civil procedure specifically recognize that the time for filing of a motion for a new trial may not be enlarged, the efficacy of the rule depends upon the willingness of the courts to enforce it."

It is clear that the time limits provided for filing a motion for new trial under rule 59(d) or for judgment n. o. v. under rule 50(b) are to be strictly applied.

Defendants McClure argue that their untimely motion should have been treated as a motion for relief from judgment under 16 A.R.S. Rules of Civil Procedure, rule 60(c). In support thereof they cite Laguna Royalty Co. v. Marsh, 350 F.2d 817 (5th Cir. 1965), and Sternstein v. "Italia"-Societa Per Azioni Di Navigazione-Genoa, 275 F.2d 502 (2d Cir. 1960). Neither of the cited cases is analogous to the case at issue. We agree that in proper circumstances an untimely motion for new trial could be treated as a motion for relief from judgment under rule 60(c). This is the practice in the federal courts as is pointed out in 6A Moore's Federal Practice P 59.09(3), which states:

". . . If, however, the (new trial) motion is not timely, the trial court may not exercise any discretion, but is...