West v. Department of Transp.
Decision Date | 12 November 1985 |
Docket Number | No. 71210,71210 |
Parties | WEST v. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. |
Court | Georgia Court of Appeals |
Durwood T. Pye, Atlanta, for appellant.
Charles C. Pritchard, Atlanta, for appellee.
The jury in this condemnation case returned a verdict for $20,000, as just and adequate compensation for the property taken. The condemnee on appeal contends the trial court should have dismissed or annulled the Department of Transportation's ("DOT") declaration of taking because the property was not needed for public purposes and DOT did not produce any orders or documents justifying the condemnation; and further that the trial court erred in placing the burden of proof upon the condemnee in its charge. Held:
1. OCGA § 32-3-5(a)(1) requires the condemnor in its condemnation to set forth "(1) [t]he facts showing the right to condemn." Nowhere is it stated or provided that a condemnor must set forth the necessity of its condemnation of a certain property. In Savannah, Fla., etc. R. Co. v. Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., 112 Ga. 941(2), 945, 38 S.E. 353, concerning condemnation by a telegraph company pursuant to statutory authority, the Supreme Court held: See, further, Western etc. R. Co. v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 138 Ga. 420, 427, 75 S.E. 471; Savannah, Fla. etc. R. Co. v. Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., 115 Ga. 554, 560, 42 S.E. 1.
The burden of proving bad faith of the condemnor of necessity must be on the one who claims it, considering the authority given by the legislature to DOT to take by eminent domain (see OCGA § 32-3-4 et seq.), and the discretion vested in the condemning authority to determine its needs. Savannah R. Co. v. Postal Tel. Co., 112 Ga. 941, 945, 38 S.E. 353, supra.
In City of Atlanta v. First Nat. Bank, 246 Ga. 424, 425, 271 S.E.2d 821, the Supreme Court held, as to a claim that the condemnor had taken more land than was necessary and that the condemnation was arbitrary, capricious, and indicative of bad faith, that "no court in these circumstances should have interfered with the decision of the condemning authority," particularly under the statute then existing. Citing authority, the Supreme Court (at p. 424, fn. 2, 271 S.E.2d 821) said: In requiring proof of fraud or bad faith, or that the authority has acted beyond the power conferred upon it by law, the Supreme Court (at p. 425, fn. 3, 271 S.E.2d 821) said: (See also State Hwy. Dept. v. Respess, 111 Ga.App. 787, 789, 791, 143 S.E.2d 434, where this court said, upon a claim that the condemnor in bad faith deposited less than just and adequate value of the property, that "[i]n absence of conclusive proof to the contrary, the presumption is that the public officials charged with the duty of estimating compensation under the statute performed the duty fairly" (emphasis supplied), the Supreme Court in the later case of City of Atlanta v. First Nat. Bank, supra, did not go so far as to require "conclusive proof to the contrary.")
The allegation of bad faith and fraud was made by the condemnee in this case. A hearing was held. The trial court found the condemnee had not shown bad faith or fraud by the condemnor so as to disturb its discretion in exercising its power of eminent domain.
As for a necessity that DOT produce or file an "overall order" expressing and justifying its need for the condemned land, no such requirement exists. DOT filed its declaration of taking for public purposes, brought under the authority of OCGA §§ 32-3-4 through 32-3-19. The necessity of taking the property is, as indicated in City of Atlanta v. First Nat. Bank and Savannah R. Co., supra, presumed and is barring proof of bad faith or fraud, within the discretion of the condemning body. The requirement of OCGA § 32-3-5(a)(1) that the condemnor in its taking set forth "the facts showing the right to condemn," (emphasis supplied) refers therefore to the authority under which the condemnor takes.
2. Appellant contends the trial court erred in placing the burden of proving inadequate compensation upon the condemnee, by instructing the jury that
10 EGL, § 110, and cases cited. .
Recently, Georgia courts have reiterated that the condemnor has...
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