Wilcher v. State

• Decision Date: 26 March 1998
• Docket Number: No. A98A0515.,A98A0515.
• Parties: WILCHER v. The STATE.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

500 S.E.2d 397

231 Ga. App. 641

WILCHER v. The STATE.

No. A98A0515.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

March 26, 1998.

Celia Larsen, Dublin, for appellant.

Ralph M. Walke, District Attorney, Swain A. Lewis, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.

ELDRIDGE, Judge.

Appellant Willie Otis Wilcher appeals a Laurens County jury verdict finding him guilty of possession of cocaine,¹ theft by receiving stolen property (firearm), and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony.² We affirm.

1. First, appellant contends that the state exercised a peremptory strike against juror No. 2 for reasons that were not race-neutral. Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986). We disagree.

Following the defense challenge, the prosecution offered its reasons for the exercise of a peremptory strike against juror No. 2.³ The prosecutor explained that juror No. 2 did not complete the jury information questionnaire handed out prior to voir dire; the juror left off his occupation, prior jury service, and all other requested information; the juror's name was illegible on the form; and the juror gave only a partial address. In addition, the prosecutor "had trouble during the voir dire of getting information from him" and was concerned about his prior jury service, which the juror identified first as criminal and then as civil.

In response, defense counsel argued that a white juror accepted by the state, juror No. 24, was "similarly situated" in that juror No. 24 had not completely filled out the personal information portion of the questionnaire, although he had legibly and completely filled out the name and address portion thereof. Defense counsel also argued that there were other white jurors who had prior jury service, but were accepted by the state. Defense counsel did not challenge at trial the fact that juror No. 2 was "difficult" in terms of obtaining information and was "not responsive" to questions on voir dire.

The trial court initially disallowed the strike. The prosecution asked for reconsideration and offered the trial court juror No. 2's questionnaire "to take a look at the Clerk's questionnaire and to review how it was filled out." The prosecution argued that the telling questionnaire, "coupled" with the prior jury service and the juror's non-responsiveness on voir dire, provided sufficient race-neutral reasons to survive the Batson challenge. After reviewing the questionnaire, the trial court allowed the strike, ruling "We'll take the jury we have."

Appellant is correct that "[a] prosecutor's failure to explain the apparently disparate treatment of similarly situated white and black jurors ... diminishes the force of [the] explanation for striking a black juror." Ford v. State, 262 Ga. 558, 560, 423 S.E.2d 245 (1992). However, a review of the record does not support appellant's contention that the reasons given were not applied evenhandedly. Other than appellant's bare assertion, there is nothing in the record to support appellant's contention that juror No. 24 did not fill out his jury questionnaire.⁴ Further, appellant points to no other juror with the combined qualities displayed by juror No. 2: confusion as to whether he had served on a criminal or civil jury, complete failure to fill out the jury questionnaire; and unresponsiveness to questions on voir dire. These reasons are race-neutral on their face.

While the opponent of a peremptory strike bears the burden of persuading the trial court that the proponent of the strike acted with discriminatory intent in exercising the peremptory challenge, Turner v. State, 267 Ga. 149, 476 S.E.2d 252 (1996), this burden of persuasion may be satisfied in a number of different ways, including solely upon the strength of the prima facie case in relation to the reasons given.⁵ However, whether this burden of persuasion has been met is a decision that must be made by the trial court. Gardner v. State, 225 Ga.App. 427, 436, 483 S.E.2d 912 (1997). The trial court's factual findings in this regard must be given great deference and may be disregarded only if clearly erroneous. Id. at 434-436, 483 S.E.2d 912. From a review of the record, we cannot say that the trial court was clearly in error in finding that the state's explanations were satisfactorily race-neutral so as to overcome appellant's challenge. Id. at 438, 483 S.E.2d 912.

2. There was no error in the denial of appellant's motion for directed verdict as to the theft by receiving (firearm) count. "A directed verdict of acquittal is authorized only when there is no conflict in the evidence and the evidence and all reasonable deductions and inferences that can be drawn from it demand a verdict of acquittal. [Cit.]" Davis v. State, 213 Ga.App. 212, 444 S.E.2d 142 (1994). During the state's case in chief, Detective Wayne Cain testified that appellant told him that he "bought the gun off the street." With regard to firearm sales and all of the attendant rules and regulations therefor, we find that this was sufficient evidence of irregularity to survive a motion for directed verdict and put the issue to the jury.

"Whether or not a defendant's explanation of his possession of ... stolen property is satisfactory or reasonable is a question for the jury." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Abernathy v. State, 214 Ga.App. 364, 365, 448 S.E.2d 30 (1994). The jury was authorized to disbelieve appellant's explanation altogether, or to infer from it that those who traffic in weapons "on the street" are aware that they may be buying stolen property.

3. Appellant contends that his sentence was the result of "judicial vindictiveness" in retaliation for his choice to go to trial. Appellant argues that, even though the jury found appellant guilty of the lesser offense of simple possession, the sentence imposed after trial exceeded the negotiated sentence for a guilty plea on the indictment, which included the greater offense of possession with intent.

This Court previously has rejected this...