Yellow Cab Co. of Nashville v. Pewitt

• Decision Date: 16 May 1958
• Citation: 44 Tenn.App. 572,316 S.W.2d 17
• Parties: YELLOW CAB COMPANY OF NASHVILLE, Inc. et al. v. R. Clyde PEWITT.
• Court: Tennessee Court of Appeals

Page 17

316 S.W.2d 17

44 Tenn.App. 572

YELLOW CAB COMPANY OF NASHVILLE, Inc. et al. v. R. Clyde PEWITT.

Court of Appeals of Tennessee, Middle Section, at Nashville.

May 16, 1958 Certiorari Denied by Supreme Court Sept. 1, 1958.

Manier, Crouch & White, Nashville, for Yellow Cab Co., K. Harlan Dodson, Jr., Nashville, for Greyhound Corp.

Howard, Davis, Boult & Hunt and Lindsey Davis, Nashville, and King & Fuston, Chattanooga, for R. Clyde Pewitt.

FELTS, Judge.

This was an action by Pewitt against the Yellow Cab Company and the Greyhound Corporation for damages for injuries to his person and to his automobile sustained from being struck by a cab of the former and a bus of the latter at the intersection of the Murfreesboro Road and the Elm Hill Pike in Nashville.

He was driving his car east on the Murfreesboro Road, intending to turn off to his left across its westbound traffic lanes into the Elm Hill Pike. He signaled a left turn, cut his front wheels to the left, stopped his car at the center line, and was standing there signaling a left turn, waiting for westbound traffic to pass, when a cab of defendant Cab Company ran into the rear of his car and knocked it across the center line into the westbound traffic lanes, where it was struck by a westbound bus of defendant Greyhound Corporation.

The negligence charged was that the cab driver and the bus driver were each driving at an excessive, reckless, and dangerous rate of speed, not keeping a proper lookout ahead, did not have the vehicle under control, but struck plaintiff's car under the circumstances above stated; and that defendants were thus guilty of joint and concurrent negligence causing the harm sued for. Each of them pleaded not guilty.

The case has been tried twice. On the first trial the jury rendered a verdict for plaintiff against the Cab Company for $125,000 for personal injuries and $950 for property damage, and a verdict in favor of the Greyhound Corporation. Upon the Cab Company's motion, the Trial Judge granted it a new trial, but let the verdict stand and dismissed the case as to the Greyhound Corporation. To this latter action of the court the Cab Company saved a wayside bill of exceptions.

On the second trial there was a verdict for plaintiff against the Cab Company for $70,000 for personal injuries and $1,025 for property damage. The Cab Company moved for a new trial upon grounds of excessiveness of the verdict. The Trial Judge suggested a remittitur of $10,000 which plaintiff accepted, and the judge overruled the Company's motion for a new trial and entered judgment for plaintiff against the Company for $60,000 for personal injuries and $1,025 for property damage.

From this final judgment against it the Cab Company brought the case to this Court by an appeal in the nature of a writ of error, and has assigned errors on the first trial upon the wayside bill of exceptions and errors on the second trial upon the amount of the verdict and judgment.

In such a case, where there are bills of exceptions saved upon successive trials of a case below, the established practice in the appellate court is to have, not a separate hearing on each trial, but one hearing upon the whole record of the case and to determine it by considering each trial separately and in the order in which it occurred. Town of Dickson v. Stephens, 20 Tenn.App. 195, 96 S.W.2d 201; Gilreath's Caruther's History of a Lawsuit (7th Ed.) p. 480.

Upon the first trial the Cab Company has assigned two errors, one upon an instruction given by the judge in his charge to the jury, and the other upon his overruling its motion to set aside the verdict not only as to it but also as to its co-defendant, the Greyhound Corporation, and to grant a new trial as to both of them. The instruction complained of was as follows:

'The plaintiff, Pewitt, further contends that the defendant, Yellow Cab Company, is guilty of negligence in that it violated a certain state statute and that such violation was the direct and proximate cause of his alleged injuries. Now, the statute relied upon by the plaintiff, Mr. Pewitt, is Section 2682 [2687] of the Code of Tennessee, Subsection (b) as follows:

"The driver of a vehicle approaching but not having entered at an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to a vehicle within such intersection in turning therein to the left across the line of travel of such first mentioned vehicle, provided the driver of the vehicle turning to the left, has given a plainly visible signal of his intention to turn."

It is urged that this statute could not here apply to the cab but only to the bus, since the bus was the approaching vehicle whose line of travel would be crossed by plaintiff's car turning left; and that this instruction was error against the Cab Company and in favor of its co-defendant, Greyhound Corporation, for which the Trial Judge should have set aside the verdict and granted a new trial as to both of them.

From the charge it appears that the paragraph here complained of was between two others in which the judge explained plaintiff's theory as to the Greyhound Corporation; and he doubtless intended this paragraph to be a part of such explanation, but by inadvertence used the name 'Yellow Cab Company' instead of that of 'Greyhound Corporation'. In such case, it was counsel's duty to call the inadvertence to the judge's attention and ask him to correct it. Wolfe v. Vaughn, 177 Tenn. 678, 687, 152 S.W.2d 631; Elkin Motor Co. v. Ragland, 6 Tenn.App. 166, 174.

Assuming, however, that this instruction was positive and harmful error against defendant Yellow Cab Company, we think all the harm to it was removed when the Trial Judge set aside the verdict as to it and granted it a new trial; and that it has no interest or right to complain of his action in approving the verdict and dismissing the case as to its co-defendant, Greyhound Corporation.

Defendants were charged with concurrent negligence causing plaintiff's injuries. As joint tort-feasors, each was jointly and severally liable for all the damages. Plaintiff could sue either alone, or both together or separately; and it was no concern of one whether the other was sued or not. The applicable principle is stated thus:

"If the concurrent or successive negligence of two persons, combined together, results in an injury to a third person, he may recover damages of either or both, and neither can interpose the defense that the prior or concurrent negligence of the other contributed to the injury.' 1 Thomp., Neg., § 75.' Justice Caldwell, in Coleman v. Bennett, 111 Tenn. 705, 712, 69 S.W. 734, 735.

This principle was applied in the recent case of Howard v. Haven, 198 Tenn. 572, 281 S.W.2d 480, where some, but not all, of the wrongdoers were sued, and where on the trial the suit was dismissed as to all except one (a labor union) which was held for all the damages. Responding to objections on this account, Chief Justice Neil, for the Court, said:

'It is not material that Williams was not sued as a joint wrongdoer, as well as other members of the Union; nor is it important that the jury should find against one defendant and in favor of another, since all joint wrongdoers are liable jointly and severally for all damages. Nor can the one against whom the judgment is rendered escape liability on the ground that others were acquitted' (198 Tenn. 580, 281 S.W.2d 483).

Likewise, in McAmis v. Carlisle, Tenn.App., 300 S.W.2d 59, McAmis sued defendants as joint tort-feasors. The Trial Judge dismissed the action as to one of them and the other was adjudged liable for all the damages. It was held that the judgment defendant could not complain as to the dismissal of its co-defendant, Donald P. Rohan, d/b/a Yorktown Insulation Company. Judge Howard, for the Court, said:

'Nor do we find any merit in the defendant's contention that the trial judge committed error in dismissing the case against the defendant Donald P. Rohan, d/b/a Yorktown Insulation Company, because (1) the complaining defendant was not aggrieved thereby, and (2) the dismissal neither added to nor lessened its liability to the plaintiff' (300 S.W.2d 66).

So, in the case before us, defendant Cab Company cannot complain of the dismissal of its co-defendant, since it was not aggrieved nor its liability affected thereby. This is true whether it was one of the joint tort-feasors, as charged, or was the sole wrongdoer, as implied by the jury's verdict acquitting its co-defendant.

Defendant Yellow Cab Company, however, contends that it has the right to complain of a plain error in the charge by which its co-defendant was discharged in this action; and that it is given this right by our third-party statute (T.C.A. sec. 20-120), construed with our statute (T.C.A. sec. 27-310) providing that any party to a judgment may appeal therefrom, the judgment remaining in full force against such parties as do not appeal.

This third-party statute was enacted in 1955 (ch. 145, Acts of 1955) and, while in force at the time this action was brought, it has since been repealed (ch. 33, Acts of 1957). As it then stood, it provided:

'Whenever any person sued in a court of law on any cause of action cognizable therein shall deem that some other person, not a party to such suit, is primarily liable to the plaintiff, such person so made a defendant may file a cross-action against such other party, in which case the procedure shall be the same as though such cross-action had been filed against the original plaintiff; provided, however, that the filing of such cross-action shall not operate to delay the right of the original plaintiff to proceed against the original defendant when the...