Yun v. Yun, WD
| Decision Date | 29 August 1995 |
| Docket Number | No. WD,WD |
| Citation | 908 S.W.2d 787 |
| Parties | Sook Hee YUN, Respondent, v. Young Jin YUN, Appellant. 50343. |
| Court | Missouri Court of Appeals |
Ray E. Sousley, Kansas City, for appellant.
David D. Lodwick, Excelsior Springs, for respondent.
Before HANNA, C.J., P.J., and BRECKENRIDGE and SMART, JJ.
This dissolution action raises issues of jurisdiction and child support. Young Jin Yun appeals from the trial court's judgment of dissolution.
The judgment is affirmed.
On November 1, 1986, the parties, who were both living in Missouri, traveled to a church in Wyandotte County, Kansas and participated in a wedding ceremony as bride and groom, officiated by a minister. After the ceremony, they lived in Gladstone, Missouri. There is a conflict in the testimony about whether or not a marriage license was issued prior to the ceremony. There is no evidence that the ceremony was recorded on the license, and then registered. Mr. Yun says no license was obtained. Mrs. Yun understood that a license was obtained before the ceremony, but that Mr. Yun refused to record it after the ceremony. She said Mr. Yun did not want to register the marriage at that time because Mrs. Yun was not a citizen. The parties agree that after the ceremony and until they separated in December, 1992, they publicly held themselves out as husband and wife. The evidence shows that a marriage license was subsequently obtained by Mr. Yun in February, 1990, and on June 26, 1990, the license was filed with the State of Kansas. The license falsely indicated that the marriage ceremony had taken place on June 3, 1990.
On February 2, 1993, Mrs. Yun filed her petition for divorce. Mr. Yun filed a cross-petition for dissolution. In her petition, Mrs. Yun alleged that the parties participated in a marriage ceremony on November 1, 1986. Mr. Yun admitted that the parties were married in his answer, claiming, however, that the marriage commenced on June 3, 1990. The trial court found that the parties were married on November 1, 1986, and that the marriage was registered on June 3, 1990. The trial court divided the parties' property and awarded child support to Mrs. Yun in the amount of $500.00 per month. Mr. Yun appeals.
On appeal, Mr. Yun claims that the trial court erred in failing to dismiss the petition and cross-petition for dissolution of marriage because the court lacked jurisdiction to enter the decree of dissolution since there was no valid marriage. We review this court-tried case in accordance with the principles set forth in Murphy v. Carron, 536 S.W.2d 30, 32 (Mo. banc 1976), and we affirm the trial court's judgment unless it is against the weight of the evidence or erroneously declares or applies the law.
Mr. Yun contends the parties were never married and that therefore there was no jurisdiction over the property of the parties. Mr. Yun did not raise the issue of the validity of the marriage until the dissolution hearing. Mrs. Yun contends that Mr. Yun judicially admitted the marriage in his answer and cross-petition, and that no objection to subject matter jurisdiction can now be raised. We disagree. Mr. Yun's answer and cross-petition does not bind him as a judicial admission. It is true that a judicial admission forecloses further inquiry as to the matter in question. In re Marriage of Maupin, 829 S.W.2d 125, 127 (Mo.App.1992). Allegations in a petition, admitted in an answer, are judicial admissions on that issue. Costello v. Costello, 643 S.W.2d 81, 82 (Mo.App.1982). A judicial admission waives or dispenses with the production of evidence and "concedes for the purpose of the litigation that a certain proposition is true." Hewitt v. Masters, 406 S.W.2d 60, 64 (Mo.1966). Id. at 127. However, a party's appearance and answer does not waive objection to subject matter jurisdiction. Wambugu v. Wambugu, 1995 WL 129198 (Mo.App.E.D.1995) (quoting Davis v. Davis, 799 S.W.2d 127, 130 (Mo.App.1990)). We have been provided no authority to the effect that an admission of facts which constitute a basis of jurisdiction precludes a party from later challenging jurisdiction. Therefore, we are not persuaded that Mr. Yun's answer and cross-petition admitting the marriage may be held to preclude his later objection to subject matter jurisdiction.
Missouri law provides that the validity of a marriage is determined substantively, though not procedurally, by the law of the place where it is contracted. Taylor v. Taylor, 355 S.W.2d 383, 383 (Mo.App.1962); see also 52 Am.Jur.2d Marriage § 80 (1970). Kansas law provides that a marriage may be validly solemnized and contracted in Kansas after a marriage license has been issued. Kan.Stat.Ann. § 23-104a (1988). The Kansas statutes do not, however, specifically provide that a marriage ceremony conducted without a license is void. 1
On the technical issue of the validity of the marriage, Hartman v. Valier & Spies Milling Co., 356 Mo. 424, 202 S.W.2d 1 (Mo.1947) is helpful. In Hartman a claim for death benefits under the Workmen's Compensation Act was brought on account of a fatal accident to the claimant's purported husband. Claimant and Mr. Hartman, both residents of Missouri, participated in a wedding ceremony in Belleville, Illinois. Mrs. Hartman testified that they had obtained a marriage license prior to the ceremony, although the records of the county clerk in Belleville failed to confirm the application for a license by Mr. Hartman, or the issuance of a license. Illinois law, like Kansas law, while requiring the issuance of a license as a prerequisite to marriage, did not specifically provide that the lack of a license would void the marriage. The couple lived together as husband and wife after the ceremony, and there was evidence that Hartman obtained insurance designating Mrs. Hartman as his wife. The Labor and Industrial Relations Commission found in favor of employer and insurer, and against claimant, specifically finding that she had failed to prove sufficient compliance with marriage formalities. The circuit court reversed. The Missouri Supreme Court affirmed the circuit court's finding that the parties were legally married, noting the strong presumption in favor of marriage.
The case of Nelson v. Marshall, 869 S.W.2d 132, 135 (Mo.App.1993), relied upon by Mr. Yun, does not require a different result. In that case, a couple chose to get married while Mr. Marshall, the proposed groom, was very ill and confined to the hospital. The hospital chaplain, after checking with authorities, informed the couple that, in order to get married immediately, they would be required to get a waiver of the three day waiting period from a judge so that the license could promptly issue. The parties decided to proceed with a ceremony that very day, in spite of the absence of a license. They intended to complete the paperwork after the ceremony. The next evening Mr. Marshall died. No marriage license was ever obtained. The court held there was no legal marriage, relying on the language of § 451.040(1). 2 Nelson is not applicable here because it involves a Missouri ceremony rather than a ceremony occurring in another state, where we look to the law of the other state. In addition, in Nelson, the court expressly declined to address the issue of whether, had Mr. Marshall survived and later obtained and recorded a license, a valid marriage would be declared. Id. at 136.
There is a strong public policy in favor of marriage. In Hodge v. Conley, 543 S.W.2d 326, 329-30 (Mo.App.1976), the court looks at the presumption resulting therefrom, stating:
[A] presumption of a ceremonial marriage arises upon a showing of open cohabitation, declaration and conduct by the parties and general reputation, despite inability to show a marriage license or any record of the issuance of one.... 'The presumption of marriage is in favor of the innocence and good morals of the parties concerned.' (Citations omitted).
The presumption in favor of marriage is very strong. Forbis v. Forbis, 274 S.W.2d 800, 806 (Mo.App.1955). Mr. Yun has not met his burden of rebutting the presumption. Mrs. Yun's testimony assumes, but does not establish, that a license was obtained prior to the marriage ceremony. However, the fact that Mr. Yun testified that no license was obtained before the marriage does not make the trial court's finding that there was a marriage against the weight of the evidence. Hartman, 202 S.W.2d at 6-7. Mr. Yun's testimony as to the lack of a license, standing alone, without independent corroboration, could be disbelieved by the court. Vanderson v. Vanderson, ...
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