Zalobowski v. New England Teamsters and Trucking Industry Pension Fund

• Decision Date: 23 January 1980
• Docket Number: No. 77-149-A,77-149-A
• Citation: 410 A.2d 436,122 R.I. 609
• Parties: Joseph ZALOBOWSKI v. NEW ENGLAND TEAMSTERS AND TRUCKING INDUSTRY PENSION FUND. ppeal.
• Court: Rhode Island Supreme Court

Page 436

410 A.2d 436

122 R.I. 609

Joseph ZALOBOWSKI v. NEW ENGLAND TEAMSTERS AND TRUCKING INDUSTRY PENSION FUND.

No. 77-149-Appeal.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

Jan. 23, 1980.

[122 R.I. 614] Thomas W. Pearlman, Larry Dub, Providence, for plaintiff.

Roberts, Carroll, Feldstein & Tucker Inc., Richard M. Pierce, Providence, for defendant.

OPINION

KELLEHER, Justice.

This is a pension-fund dispute that presents a question of first impression in this jurisdiction. In May 1972, the plaintiff, Joseph Zalobowski (Zalobowski), applied to the defendant, New England Teamsters and Trucking Industry Pension Fund (the fund), seeking a pension. According to Zalobowski's computations, because he had been a member of the fund for twenty-four years, he was entitled to receive a monthly pension check that would amount to $425. The fund's trustees, however, took the position that since Zalobowski had been an owner-operator for six years and seven months of his twenty-four years in the trucking industry, he was entitled to a monthly check that was $163 less than the $425 envisioned by Zalobowski. The fund, through its trustees, was willing to pay Zalobowski $262 a month as a pension and, in doing so, relied upon our holding in Blinkhorn v. McCarthy, 113 R.I. 465, 322 A.2d 43 (1974). ¹

Discussions became pointless, and on July 30, 1974, Zalobowski filed a civil action in the Superior Court, asking that the fund be ordered to pay him the $163 differential. The fund failed to answer the case, and a default judgment in the amount of $3,423 was entered for Zalobowski. This sum represented the amount that Zalobowski claimed was actually due him for the months beginning November 1, 1972, up to and including the day the suit was initiated.

In computing the award, the trial justice refused to consider any pension payment that had not accrued as of the date of the filing of the suit. He did not, however, limit Zalobowski to this amount, but stated that recovery for future amounts could only be had through subsequent periodic suits involving accrued pension payments. The fund took no appeal from its unsuccessful attempt to remove the default judgment.

Subsequently, Zalobowski filed a motion in August of 1975 to recover benefits that had accrued from the date of the last award. The trial justice, in denying this motion, stated that as only those rights and liabilities which arose prior to the date of the original judgment had been determined, Zalobowski must initiate an additional action in order to resolve his rights on the merits. Zalobowski thereupon instituted this civil action, in which he seeks further delinquent pension payments and an order requiring the fund to pay future benefits as they become due.

At trial, both parties filed motions for summary judgment, Zalobowski under the theory that as the issues involved were the same as those in the first action, therefore, res judicata applied; the fund on the ground that the issues were identical to and controlled by our holding in Blinkhorn v. McCarthy, 113 R.I. 465, 322 A.2d 43 (1974). Zalobowski's motion for summary judgment was denied, that of the fund was granted, and this appeal ensued.

In support of his argument that the trial justice erred in denying his motion for summary judgment, Zalobowski claims that the issue of his entitlement to the $163 monthly differential was previously determined in his original suit against the fund. Zalobowski bases this contention on the doctrine of res judicata which acts as an absolute bar to the relitigation of the same claim between the same parties when a final judgment has been rendered on the merits. R. A. Beaufort & Sons, Inc. v. Trivisonno, R.I., 403 A.2d 664 (1979); Molony & Rubien Construction Co. v. Segrella, 118 R.I. 340, 373 A.2d 816 (1977); Corrado v. Providence Redevelopment Agency, 113 R.I. 274, 320 A.2d 331 (1974). Once invoked, res judicata serves to render the prior judgment conclusive with respect to any issues that were raised or that might properly have been raised and litigated. Armstrong v. Armstrong, 117 R.I. 83, 362 A.2d 147 (1976); Providence Teachers Union, Local 958 v. McGovern, 113 R.I. 169, 319 A.2d 358 (1974); Perez v. Pawtucket Redevelopment Agency, 111 R.I. 327, 302 A.2d 785 (1973).

The fact that the original action resulted in a default judgment does not render it any less conclusive an adjudication for purposes of res judicata than a judgment rendered in an answered case. Bradford v. Burgess, 20 R.I. 290, 38 A. 975 (1897); Innie v. W & R, Inc., 116 N.H. 315, 359 A.2d 616 (1976); Zimmer v. Zimmer, 457 Pa. 488, 326 A.2d 318 (1974).

We believe that Zalobowski's reliance on the theory of res judicata to prevent the fund from litigating the amount of his monthly pension payment is misplaced. As stated above, before the rules of res judicata can apply, the claim of the original final judgment must be identical to that claim which a party seeks to have adjudicated in a subsequent suit. The applicability of res judicata to the issues of this case, therefore, turns on the question of whether Zalobowski is now proceeding on a different claim, namely, the duty of the fund to include the $163 monthly differential in pension...