Wyeth Hardware & Manufacturing Co. v. H. F. Lang & Co.
Decision Date | 05 March 1895 |
Parties | Wyeth Hardware & Manufacturing Company, Plaintiff in Error, v. H. F. Lang & Company |
Court | Missouri Supreme Court |
Certified from Kansas City Court of Appeals.
Affirmed.
Johnson & Wilson and Geo. N. Elliott for plaintiff in error.
(1) Where a court has jurisdiction of the parties, injunction will lie against them to prevent the annulment of the laws of its own state by the action of any one of the parties outside of the state. Railroad v. Sharritt, 43 Kan. 375; Cole v. Cunningham, 133 U.S. 107; Needham v Thayer, 147 Mass. 536; 3 Am. and Eng. Encyclopedia of Law, p. 523, and note; 8 Am. and Eng. Encyclopedia of Law pp. 1254, 1255. (2) Comity and public policy can not require of the courts of Missouri a deference and respect to the judgment of a Kansas court which they shall not show to a domestic judgment. It is not necessary to cite the authorities in Missouri to the effect that the collection of a void domestic judgment may be restrained by a court of equity. The Kansas court never acquired jurisdiction to render judgment in this case and its whole proceeding is a nullity. Todd v. Railroad, 33 Mo.App. 110; Keating v. Refrigerator Co., 32 Mo.App. 293; Fielder v. Jessup, 24 Mo.App. 91; Railroad v. Maltby, 34 Kan. 125; Railroad v. Sharritt, 43 Kan. 475; Osgood v. Maguire, 61 N.Y. 524; Williams v. Ingersol, 89 N.Y. 508; Wright v. Railroad, 19 Neb. 175; Drake v. Railroad, 69 Mich. 168; Baylies v. Houghton, 15 Vt. 631. (3) The rule that a finding of a court, as to its own jurisdiction in a cause, is conclusive or res judicata is limited to domestic judgments. In the case of the judgment of a sister state, want of jurisdiction may always be shown against it, and a finding or recital of such jurisdiction in the record of the cause will not prevent inquiry into the question of such jurisdiction. Crone v. Dawson, 19 Mo.App. 214; Matson v. Field, 10 Mo. 103; Marks v. Fore, 51 Mo. 74; Eager v. Stover, 59 Mo. 88; Barlow v. Steel, 65 Mo. 619; Napton v. Leaton, 71 Mo. 358; Railroad v. Sharritt, 43 Kan. 375; Thorn v. Salmonson, 37 Kan. 441; Litowich v. Litowich, 19 Kan. 455; Pennywit v. Foote, 27 Ohio St. 618; Thompson v. Whitman, 18 Wall. 457; Cole v. Cunningham, 133 U.S. 107; Renier v. Hurlbut, 50 N.W. 783; Ins. Co. v. Company, 19 S.W. 615; 3 Am. and Eng. Encyclopedia of Law, p. 521; Black on Judgments, secs. 275, 289, 376, 835, 897 to 901, and 918, 919, 923; Freeman on Judgments, sec. 588 et seq.; 12 Am. and Eng. Encyclopedia of Law, p. 1480, et seq. (4) A judgment rendered without jurisdiction of the person or subject-matter is absolutely void and may be attacked at any time in a collateral proceeding. A judgment in rem foreign to the situs of the res will be held of no obligation. Barlow v. Steel, 65 Mo. 619; Napton v. Leaton, 71 Mo. 366; Carr v. Lewis Coal Co., 96 Mo. 155; Hope v. Blair, 105 Mo. 85; Bigelow on Estoppel [2 Ed.], pp. 21-25; Black on Judgments, sec. 813; Story on Conflict of Laws, secs. 589-592; 3 Am. and Eng. Encyclopedia of Law, pp. 528, 529. (5) A nonresident can not be garnished, unless he has property of the defendant in his possession, or is bound to pay his money in the state where garnished. The situs of a debt is the domicile of the creditor, or the place where by the terms of the contract, it is payable. The situs of the debt determines the jurisdiction. Keeting v. Refrigerator Co., 32 Mo.App. 293; Renier v. Hurlbut, 50 N.W. 783; 21 Central Law Journal, 435; Brown on Jurisdiction, sec. 150, and note; Dicey on Domicile, 37, 264; Story on Conflict of Laws, sec. 400a.
Henry Wollman and Alexander New for defendant in error.
(1) The contention of plaintiff in error is unsound, viz.: that a debt can not be garnished at a place where he lives and where service can be had upon him, but only at the place where his creditor lives and where no service can be had on the debtor who is to be garnished. Tingley v. Bateman, 10 Mass. 343; Plimpton v. Bigelow, 93 N.Y. 592. There is but one place where a garnishment can be brought and that is where the debtor lives and service on him can be obtained. Company v. Thompson, 31 Kan. 195; Railroad v. Crow, 102 Ill. 258; Berry v. Davis, 13 S.W. 979. (2) Injunction is not the proper remedy in any event; the rule being that court may grant injunctions for the purpose of protecting citizens of the state from evasions of the laws of the state, but for no other purpose. Cole v. Cunningham, 133 U.S. 107; 1 High on Injunctions [3 Ed.], sec. 107.
This is an injunctive proceeding, instituted by plaintiff to enjoin and restrain defendants from prosecuting suit against it in the state of Kansas by attachment, and the garnishment of debts due it by various of their customers and debtors in that state, the plaintiff and defendants being residents of this state. From a judgment for defendants on demurrer to plaintiff's petition, plaintiff took the case to the Kansas City court of appeals by writ of error, where the judgment of the circuit court was affirmed in an opinion by Smith, P. J. The case was then certified to this court because of a conflict of the opinion with the decisions of the St. Louis court of appeals in Keating v. Refrigerator Co., 32 Mo.App. 293; Bank v. Wickham, 23 Mo.App. 663; Fielder v. Jessup, 24 Mo.App. 91. The opinion in this case is reported in 54 Mo.App. 147.
The statement of facts and that part of the opinion necessary to a disposition of the case by this court are as follows:
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