Weber v. Department of Veterans Affairs

• Citation: 512 F.3d 1178
• Decision Date: 15 January 2008
• Docket Number: No. 06-35522.,06-35522.
• Parties: William N. WEBER, M.D., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS and Anthony J. Principi, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (9th Circuit)

512 F.3d 1178

William N. WEBER, M.D., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS and Anthony J. Principi, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 06-35522.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Argued and Submitted October 19, 2007.

Filed January 15, 2008.

Bruce M. Spencer, Smith Law Firm, P.C., Helena, MT, for plaintiff-appellant William N. Weber, M.D.

William W. Mercer, Assistant United States Attorney, Great Falls, MT, for defendants-appellees Department of Veterans Affairs and Anthony. J. Principi, Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Montana; Sam E. Haddon, District Judge, Presiding. D.C. No. CV 04-046-H-SE H.

Before: RONALD M. GOULD and RICHARD A. PAEZ, Circuit Judges, and LYLE E. STROM,^* District Judge.

STROM, District Judge:

Appellant Dr. William Weber ("Dr. Weber") appeals from the February 23, 2006, order of the United States District Court for the District of Montana denying his motion for summary judgment on his claim for back pay under the Back Pay Act, 5 U.S.C. § 5596, and granting appellees' motion to dismiss Dr. Weber's claim.

I. BACKGROUND

On October 1, 1997, Dr. Weber was appointed to the position of staff radiologist at the Veterans Administration Medical and Regional Center ("VAMC") in Fort Harrison, Montana, pursuant to 38 U.S.C. § 7401(1). Dr. Weber's appointment was initially temporary, but the VAMC converted the position to a full-time staff position on December 7, 1997. As mandated by 38 U.S.C. §§ 7403(b)(1) and (2), Dr. Weber's appointment was subject to a two-year probationary period and, to board review. Section 7403(b)(2) states, in pertinent part:

The record of each person serving under such an appointment in the [m]edical ... [s]ervices shall be reviewed from time to time by a board, appointed in accordance with regulations of the. Secretary. If such a board finds that such person is not fully qualified and satisfactory, such person shall be separated from the service.

A summary review board convened to review Dr. Weber's appointment on August 2, 1999. On August 12, 1999, the board issued findings and a recommendation that Dr. Weber be separated from his employment effective September 13, 1999. The board found that no single incident warranted separation, but when considered in its entirety, Dr. Weber's pattern of behavior warranted separation.

On March 8, 2000, Dr. Weber filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Montana, seeking judicial review of the board's recommendation to separate him. He claimed that his separation should be set aside because the board failed to follow VA regulations. Specifically, Dr. Weber alleged that matters were presented to the summary review board that were not included in the notice of summary review sent to Dr. Weber. Without reaching a decision on the merits of the summary review board decision, the district court agreed that the board failed to comply fully with the notice requirements. On June 2, 2004, the court vacated the report and recommendation of the summary review board and remanded the matter to the VA for further proceedings in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. See Weber v. VA, No. CV-00-10-H-SEH (D. Mont. filed June 3, 2004) ("Weber I").

On June 3, 2004, the VA reinstated Dr. Weber, but then immediately placed him on administrative leave with pay. The VAMC convened a new summary review board, which again recommended that Dr. Weber be separated from his employment. Accordingly, the VAMC discharged Dr. Weber effective December 6, 2005.

In the meantime, on September 15, 2004, Dr. Weber filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Montana against the VA and Anthony J. Principi, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs (collectively, "VA"), claiming he was entitled to back pay and benefits under the Back Pay Act ("BPA"), 5 U.S.C. § 5596, for the period between September 13, 1999, and June 3, 2004. Section 5596(b)(1) provides that back pay is warranted when an employee of an agency "is found by appropriate authority under applicable law, rule, regulation, or collective bargaining agreement, to have been affected by an unjustified or unwarranted personnel action which has resulted in the withdrawal or reduction of all or part of the pay" of the employee. Dr. Weber moved for summary judgment claiming he was entitled to back pay under the BPA by virtue of the district court's prior decision in Weber I. Conversely, the VA moved, to dismiss Dr. Weber's complaint under Fed. R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6), challenging the district court's jurisdiction and arguing that the district court's order in Weber I did not provide a basis for asserting a BPA claim.

On February 23, 2006, the district court denied Dr. Weber's summary judgment motion and granted the VA's motion to dismiss Dr. Weber's BPA claim. The court determined that its prior decision in Weber. I was limited to a narrow procedural issue and that questions relating to Dr. Weber's pay or other benefits were not before the court. Thus, the court found that its decision in Weber I afforded no basis for a BPA claim. The court further stated that its review of the record revealed overwhelming evidence that the summary review board was justified in separating Dr. Weber.

Dr. Weber filed a timely appeal of the district court's order on April 18, 2006. He claims that the district court erred in its determination that the court's prior decision in Weber I afforded no basis for Dr. Weber to assert a BPA claim.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review de novo dismissals pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). Burgert v. Lokelani Bernice Pauahi Bishop Trust, 200 F.3d 661, 663 (9th Cir.2000). To avoid a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal, a complaint need not contain detailed factual allegations; rather, it must plead "enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, ___ U.S. ___, ___, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1974, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007).

We also review de novo a district court's decision to grant or deny summary judgment. Prison Legal News v. Lehman, 397 F.3d 692, 698 (9th Cir.2005). Using the familiar standard, we view the evidence in the, light most favorable, to the nonmoving party to determine whether there are any genuine' issues of material fact and whether the district court correctly applied the relevant substantive law. Id.

III. DISCUSSION

In order for a plaintiff to bring a viable suit against the: federal government or its agencies, the government must have waived its sovereign immunity. "Consequently, a person attempting to sue a federal agency or officer must demonstrate that the claim being asserted is covered by a specific statutory authorization to sue the United States ...." 14 Charles Alan Wright, Arthur R. Miller & Edward H. Cooper, Federal Practice and Procedure § 3655 (3d ed. 1998). Dr: Weber claims the Administrative Procedure Act ("APA"), 5 U.S.C. § 701-706, and the BPA, 5 U.S.C. § 5596(b)(1), gave the district court jurisdiction over his back pay claim. The VA challenges this assertion, arguing the district court lacked jurisdiction under either act. We agree.

Under the APA, federal sovereign immunity is waived for suits against the federal government in which the plaintiff is "seeking relief other than money damages." 5 U.S.C. § 702 (emphasis added). Section 702 further states, in pertinent part:

Nothing herein ... (2) confers authority to grant relief if any other statute that grants consent to suit expressly or impliedly forbids the relief which is sought.

Id. The APA did not vest the district court with jurisdiction for two reasons. First, "back pay, as a claim for money damages, falls outside the scope of the APA." Ward v. Brown, 22 F.3d 516, 520 (2d Cir.1994). Second, the comprehensive statutory scheme for the Veterans Health Administration ("VHA") does not permit judicial review of Dr. Weber's claims.

The Supreme Court's reasoning in United States v. Fausto, 484 U.S. 439, 108 S.Ct. 668, 98 L.Ed.2d 830 (1988), controls our analysis. In Fausto, the Supreme Court considered whether an administrative officer in the Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service ("FWS") had the right to bring an action in the Federal Court of Claims challenging his removal and seeking back pay under the Civil Service Reform Act ("CSRA") (codified in Title 5 of the United States Code). The FWS had dismissed Fausto from his FWS position in 1981, citing various reasons, including the unauthorized use of a government vehicle. Id. at 441, 108 S.Ct. 668. Subsequently, the FWS determined that Fausto's dismissal was unwarranted but imposed a thirty-day suspension for his unauthorized use of the government vehicle. Id. The FWS offered Fausto back pay for a limited time period, which did not include his thirty-day suspension. Fausto rejected this offer and filed an appeal with the Department of Interior, arguing that: (1) the suspension was unwarranted and that he was entitled to back pay for the thirty-day suspension period; and (2) he was entitled to additional back pay from the date he was terminated through the date the FWS determined his initial dismissal was unwarranted. The Secretary of the Interior rejected his arguments and upheld the FWS's decision. Id. Fausto then filed an action with the Federal Court of Claims pursuant to the BPA. Id. at 443, 108 S.Ct. 668. The Claims Court dismissed the action and held that the CSRA provided Fausto's exclusive remedies. Fausto appealed to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which reversed and awarded back pay for the suspension period. Id. The Supreme Court granted certiorari.

The Court determined that the comprehensive statutory scheme set forth in the CSRA did not provide for judicial review for the actions taken against members of the excepted service, such as Fausto.¹ The Court stated:

The CSRA established a...