Dep't of Revenue ex rel Sherman v. Daly

• Citation: 74 So.3d 165
• Decision Date: 16 November 2011
• Docket Number: No. 1D11–2319.,1D11–2319.
• Parties: DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE obo Alanna H. SHERMAN, Appellant, v. Keith P. DALY, Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Florida (US)

74 So.3d 165

DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE obo Alanna H. SHERMAN, Appellant,

v.Keith P. DALY, Appellee.

No. 1D11–2319.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.

Nov. 16, 2011.

Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, and Toni C. Bernstein, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Child Support Enforcement, Tallahassee, for Appellant.

No appearance for Appellee.

WOLF, J.

The Department of Revenue (DOR) seeks review of an administrative support order which deviated from the child support guidelines based on a verbal, non-formalized visitation agreement. Because we agree this deviation is prohibited by Florida law, we reverse.

At the hearing below, both the mother and father testified that they shared overnight stays with their daughter, with the mother sharing approximately 60% of the overnight stays and the father sharing 40%. The parents never had a written parenting plan authorized by a trial court, but instead decided visitation among themselves. The administrative law judge (ALJ) deviated from the child support guidelines, finding the father shared substantial visitation with his daughter. DOR seeks review of the order.

In interpreting statutes, “[l]egislative intent guides statutory analysis, and to discern that intent we must look first to the language of the statute and its plain meaning.” Fla. Dep't of Children & Family Servs. v. P.E., 14 So.3d 228, 234 (Fla.2009). “ ‘[T]he statute's text is the most reliable and authoritative expression of the Legislature's intent.’ ” Fla. Farm Bureau Cas. Ins. Co. v. Cox, 967 So.2d 815, 820 (Fla.2007) (quoting V.K.E. v. State, 934 So.2d 1276, 1286 (Fla.2006)). Courts are “ ‘without power to construe an unambiguous statute in a way which would extend ... its express terms.... To do so would be an abrogation of legislative power.’ ” Holly v. Auld, 450 So.2d 217, 219 (Fla.1984) (quoting Am. Bankers Life Assurance Co. of Fla. v. Williams, 212 So.2d 777, 778 (Fla. 1st DCA 1968)). With these principles in mind, we turn to the pertinent statutory sections related to the issue before us.

Section 61.30, Florida Statutes (2010), governs the calculation of child support in the underlying case and prohibits more than a 5% deviation from the child support guidelines except in certain circumstances. Sections 61.30(11)(a) and (b) provide the only possible justification for the underlying deviation; however, neither provision authorizes deviation in the underlying case.

Pursuant to section 61.30(11)(b), a trier of fact shall deviate from the guidelines “[w]henever a particular parenting plan provides that each child spend a substantial amount of time with each parent,” and further provides directions to adjust the calculations. (Emphasis added). “Substantial amount of time” is defined as exercising “time-sharing at least 20 percent of the overnights of the year.” § 61.30(11)(b)(8), Fla. Stat. The term “parenting plan” is defined as “a document created to govern the relationship between the parents relating to decisions that must be made regarding the minor child and must contain a time-sharing schedule for the parents and child.” § 61.046(14), Fla. Stat. (2010). Further, a parenting plan must be (1) “[d]eveloped and agreed to by the parents and approved by a court; ” or (2) “ [e]stablished by the court, with or without the use of a court-ordered parenting plan recommendation, if the parents cannot agree ... or the parents agreed to a plan that is not approved by the court.” Id. (emphasis added).

Here, the statutes' plain meaning evidences the Legislature's intent to require deviations from the child support guidelines only where a parent shares at least 20% of the overnight stays pursuant to a court authorized parenting plan. See §§ 61.046(14), 61.30(11), Fla. Stat. In the underlying case no such plan existed, and thus, deviation was not authorized pursuant to section 61.30(11)(b).

Moreover, the ALJ was not authorized to deviate from the child support guidelines pursuant to section 61.30(11)(a), the only other relevant statutory provision authorizing deviation by more than 5%. Section 61.30(11)(a) authorizes a trier of fact to deviate from the child support guidelines for a limited set of equitable reasons when:

10. The particular parenting plan, such as where the child spends a significant amount of time, but less than 20 percent of the overnights, with one parent, thereby reducing the financial expenditures incurred by the other parent; or the refusal of a parent to become involved in the activities of the child.

11. Any other adjustment that is needed to achieve an equitable result which may include, but not be limited to, a reasonable and necessary existing expense or debt. Such expense or debt may include, but is not limited to, a reasonable and necessary expense or debt that the parties jointly incurred during the marriage.

While the foregoing provision allows the trier of fact to deviate from the child support guidelines to “achieve an equitable result,” this allowance is prefaced by the phrase “[a]ny other adjustment that is needed.” § 61.30(11)(a)(11), Fla. Stat. The addition of the term “other” indicates the adjustment must be based on some other grounds not already expressed in the subsection. Id. Section 61.30(11)(a)(10) expressly requires that an equitable deviation based on time-sharing be awarded only where (1) there exists a “parenting...