THE STOP & SHOP SUPERMARKET COMPANY v. Urstadt Biddle Properties, Inc.

• Decision Date: 04 December 2000
• Parties: THE STOP & SHOP SUPERMARKET COMPANY v. URSTADT BIDDLE PROPERTIES, INC.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

433 Mass. 285

740 NE 2d 1286

THE STOP & SHOP SUPERMARKET COMPANY v. URSTADT BIDDLE PROPERTIES, INC.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.

December 4, 2000.

January 26, 2001.

Present: MARSHALL, C.J., GREANEY, IRELAND, SPINA, COWIN, & SOSMAN, JJ.

Robert J. Muldoon, Jr. (David A. Brown with him) for the plaintiff.

Anthony M. Feeherry (Gordon H. Piper with him) for the defendant.

GREANEY, J.

We transferred this case to this court on our own motion to decide the expiration date of a land use restriction prohibiting the plaintiff, The Stop & Shop Supermarket Company (Stop & Shop), from operating a supermarket or a discount store on its property (premises) that abuts land owned by the defendant, Urstadt Biddle Properties, Inc. (Urstadt). The restriction was created on February 13, 1970, and had a term of fifty years. Some thirteen years later, on February 15, 1983, the restriction was amended to delete the fifty-year term. Stop & Shop asserts that the thirty-year limitation imposed by G. L. c. 184, § 23, set forth below,¹ on restrictive covenants that do not have a time limitation applies, and, as a result, the thirty-year period commenced on the date the fifty-year restriction was created, February 13, 1970, so that the restriction expired on February 13, 2000.² A judge in the Land Court heard cross motions for summary judgment after the parties submitted the case on a statement of agreed facts. The judge disagreed with Urstadt's argument that G. L. c. 184, § 27, set forth below,³ governed the case and that the restriction had been extended under § 27 (b). The judge also rejected Stop & Shop's arguments, and concluded that, under § 23, the restriction's thirty-year term began to run on February 15, 1983, when the fifty-year restriction was amended to make it unlimited as to time. Thus, the judge reasoned that the restriction does not expire until February 15, 2013. Applying this analysis, the judge denied Stop & Shop's motion for summary judgment, allowed Urstadt's motion with respect to the rights conferred by § 23, and entered a judgment declaring the rights of the parties. We affirm the judgment.

The background of the case is as follows. In 1970, the trustees of the Springfield Mall Trust owned the premises, part of a larger parcel consisting of approximately thirty-five acres of land. On February 13, 1970, the trustees, and Urstadt's predecessor in title, Hubbard Real Estate Investments (HREI), entered into a duly recorded agreement (1970 agreement) that imposed various restrictions on the premises and HREI's abutting property, including a commercial restriction prohibiting use of the premises for supermarkets or discount stores (restriction).⁴ Article 9 of the 1970 agreement provides that its terms "shall continue in full force and effect for fifty (50) years from the date hereof and shall terminate automatically at the end of such period unless extended by an instrument in writing recorded in the Hampden County, Massachusetts Registry of Deeds."

On February 15, 1983, HREI and the trustees' successor, Community Savings Bank, entered into a duly recorded agreement (1983 amendments) that amended the 1970 agreement by deleting several of its articles, including article 9, the fifty-year time limit on the restriction.⁵ Stop & Shop acquired the premises in 1996. After this litigation had commenced, on April 10, 1998, Urstadt recorded a "notice of restriction" pursuant to G. L. c. 184, § 27, purporting to extend the period of enforceability of the restriction against Stop & Shop for twenty years, until April 9, 2018.

1. The judge correctly concluded that § 23, and not § 27, governs the dispute. Although Urstadt did not file a cross appeal on the judge's ruling with respect to § 27, it argues in its brief that we may affirm the grant of summary judgment in its favor on the ground that it validly extended the restriction pursuant to § 27 (b) (set forth at note 3, supra). See Champagne v. Commissioner of Correction, 395 Mass. 382, 386 (1985). Because we have a complete record on the issue, we shall decide it in the interests of clarifying the entire situation.

Since 1887, Massachusetts law has imposed a thirty-year time limitation on land use restrictions that do not themselves contain an express limitation on duration. St. 1887, c. 418. Landowners, however, remain free to burden or benefit their land with use restrictions, enforceable for a period less than, or greater than, thirty years. By statute, restrictions imposed after December 31, 1961, are not enforceable "after thirty years from the imposition of the restriction," G. L. c. 184, § 27 (b), unless certain statutory requirements are met, including the requirement that the party seeking to enforce the longer restriction records a "notice of restriction" before the expiration of the first thirty years of the restriction's existence, and before the expiration of each successive twenty-year period. § 27 (b) (2). See G. L. c. 184, §§ 29, 30.

Stop & Shop and Urstadt agree that the effect of the 1983 amendments rendered the restriction "unlimited as to time" and, thus, subject to a thirty-year term under § 23. Urstadt argues, however, that restrictions subject to § 23, including the restriction it seeks to enforce, may be extended pursuant to § 27 (b). In support of its position, Urstadt asserts that "nowhere in the plain language of the statute, or in the case law interpreting the statute, does it state that [§] 27 applies only to restrictions with defined terms of more than thirty years."

While Urstadt's assertion may be true as a technical matter, § 27, by its express terms, requires, in order to extend the period of enforceability, that a notice of restriction be recorded "before the expiration of the thirty years [from the imposition of the restriction]." This statutory language indicates that restrictions for less than thirty years do not come within the scope of § 27, and, thus, cannot be extended under the statute. Section 27 is to be read, to the extent possible, harmoniously with § 23. Gillette Co. v. Commissioner of Revenue, 425 Mass. 670, 674 (1997). Dowling v. Registrar of Motor Vehicles, 425 Mass. 523, 525 (1997). If, as Urstadt contends, a restriction unlimited as to time merely needed the recording of periodic notices under § 27 (b) to remain in force, then § 23 itself would be superfluous, as § 27 (b) would extinguish any restriction as to which the proper notice had not been recorded. Rather, § 23 sets a "term" of thirty years in the absence of any stated time frame in the parties' underlying agreement, and nothing in § 27 (b) allows for any extension of that term. All § 27 (b) does is extend the "period of enforceability" for any agreed term of restriction that is longer than thirty years. Under § 23, restrictions "unlimited as to time" expire in thirty years. Significantly, as noted by the judge, no language in § 23 permits the enforcement of a restriction limited by its operation beyond the thirty-year period. See E.C. Mendler, Massachusetts Conveyancers' Handbook § 14:3.02(b) (3d ed. 1984) ("a restriction unlimited as to time expires in 30 years, and cannot be extended by a notice of restriction under § 27"). By virtue of the 1983 amendments, the restriction became "unlimited as to time" and subject to § 23. Urstadt's right to extend the period for enforcing the restriction for further periods was thereby extinguished. The judge correctly concluded that Urstadt could not, under § 27 (b), unilaterally extend the restriction beyond its expiration date.

2. We turn next to the date on which the restriction began to run. Section 23 provides that "restrictions, unlimited as to time... shall be limited to the term of thirty years after the date of the deed or other instrument ... creating them." Stop & Shop contends that the word "creating," in § 23, commences the thirty-year limitation period. Stop & Shop maintains that it is the date of the instrument that originally created the restriction from which the limitation period runs, here, February 13, 1970, the date on which the 1970 agreement was executed and recorded.

Stop & Shop's argument ignores relevant, and reasonably clear, language in the statute, namely, the words "unlimited as to time," that follow and qualify the term "restrictions." The statute is to be construed as written, in keeping with its plain meaning, see Massachusetts Community College Council v. Labor Relations Comm'n, 402 Mass. 352, 354 (1988), so as to give some effect to each word, see Bankers Life & Cas. Co. v. Commissioner of Ins., 427 Mass. 136, 140 (1998). The language of § 23 informs us that the date from which its thirty-year limitation period begins to run is the date on which the restriction became or becomes unlimited as to time. Here, the restriction did not become unlimited as to time until the 1983 amendments were executed and recorded, February 15, 1983. Before that time, the restriction remained subject to a fixed duration of fifty years and was not subject to § 23. We reject Stop & Shop's argument that the comma after the term "restrictions," separating that term from the words "unlimited as to time," supports its construction. The comma's placement demonstrates that it is only certain restrictions, those unlimited as to time, to which § 23 applies. In addition, we agree with the judge that the cases cited by Stop & Shop, Baker v. Seneca, 329 Mass. 736 (1953), and Snow v. Van Dam, 291 Mass. 477 (1935), are inapposite. Those cases did not involve circumstances in which the deed or instrument creating the original restriction was subsequently amended thereby rendering the restriction unlimited in duration.

Our construction of § 23 is consistent with the Legislature's intent. We recognize that restrictions on land are disfavored, and they "in general are to be construed against the grantor and in favor of freedom of alienation." Ward v. Prudential Ins. Co., 299 Mass. 559, 565 (1938)....