Appeal of City of Franklin, 92-380

• Decision Date: 30 November 1993
• Docket Number: No. 92-380,92-380
• Citation: 137 N.H. 723,634 A.2d 1000
• Parties: , 87 Ed. Law Rep. 971 Appeal of CITY OF FRANKLIN (New Hampshire Public Employee Labor Relations Board).
• Court: New Hampshire Supreme Court

Page 1000

634 A.2d 1000

137 N.H. 723, 87 Ed. Law Rep. 971

Appeal of CITY OF FRANKLIN (New Hampshire Public Employee Labor Relations Board).

No. 92-380.

Supreme Court of New Hampshire.

Nov. 30, 1993.

Fitzgerald & Sessler P.A., Laconia (Paul T. Fitzgerald on the brief and orally), for the City of Franklin.

James F. Allmendinger, Concord, Staff Atty., NEA-New Hampshire, by brief and orally, for the Franklin Educ. Ass'n.

Kidder & Lawson, Laconia (Bradley F. Kidder on the brief and orally), for the Franklin School Dist.

JOHNSON, Justice.

The issue in this case is whether certain monetary provisions of a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between the Franklin School District (school district) and the Franklin Education Association (association) are "cost items," as defined by RSA 273-A:1, IV (1987), and thereby subject to the requirement of RSA 273-A:3, II(b) (1987) that all "cost items" be submitted for approval to the public employer's legislative body, which in this case is the Franklin City Council (city council). The public employee labor relations board (PELRB) ruled that the provisions are not "cost items"--and therefore should not have been submitted to the city council for approval--because the city council had already appropriated for the school district's use sufficient funds to finance these provisions. The City of Franklin (city) appeals this ruling, and we reverse.

In June 1991, several months before the association and the school district were to sign their 1991-92 CBA, the city council approved the school district's proposed budget for the 1991-92 school year and appropriated the money necessary to fund it. The school district set aside $66,235.97 of this money to pay for the salary increases of any forthcoming CBA. By the time the 1991-92 school year began, however, several veteran teachers had left the school district and been replaced by less experienced teachers. It became apparent that the school district would not need the entire amount appropriated for its use that year and that a $66,235.97 CBA would in fact leave the school district with a budget surplus of $67,811. The school district and the association ratified a CBA containing monetary provisions for salary increases and related costs of $133,046.97, the sum of the expected budget surplus ($67,811) plus the $66,235.97 previously set aside by the school district for the CBA.

The school district then submitted the CBA's monetary provisions to the city council for approval, and the city council unanimously rejected them. When the association demanded that the school district nonetheless honor the provisions of the CBA, the school district filed a petition for declaratory judgment, asking the PELRB to determine whether the school district "may legally fund the settlement which has been rejected by unanimous vote of the City Council." The association filed an answer to the school district's petition, asserting that the CBA was indeed binding on the school district without city council approval because no supplemental appropriation by the city council would be required to fund it. The city then filed an answer and a brief as intervenor and argued that the city council's disapproval of the CBA's monetary provisions rendered the contract unenforceable. Throughout the proceedings below, all three parties labelled these monetary provisions "cost items."

The PELRB agreed with the association that the city council's rejection of the monetary provisions did not prevent the school district from funding them. The PELRB concluded that these provisions were not actually "cost items" for purposes of RSA 273-A:3, II(b) because no supplemental appropriation by the city council would be required to fund them. In arriving at this judgment, the PELRB discussed RSA 273-A:3, II(b), but did not mention or allude to RSA 273-A:1, IV, which defines "cost items." The city moved for reconsideration and, upon denial by the PELRB, appealed to this court. Here, the association and the school district assert that the monetary provisions of their CBA are not "cost items," as defined by RSA 273-A:1, IV, but otherwise the parties generally repeat their arguments below.

We begin by setting forth the appropriate standard of review.

"Upon the hearing the burden of proof shall be upon the party seeking to set aside any order or decision of the commission to show that the same is clearly unreasonable or unlawful, and all findings of the commission upon all questions of fact properly before it shall be deemed to be prima facie lawful and reasonable; and the order or decision appealed from shall not be set aside or vacated except for errors of law, unless the court is satisfied, by a clear preponderance of the evidence before it, that such order is unjust or unreasonable."

RSA 541:13 (1974); see RSA 273-A:14 (1987).

"In New Hampshire, the legislature has vested the PELRB with authority to define the terms of RSA chapter 273-A and to fill in any gaps in the statute," Appeal of University System of N.H., 131 N.H. 368, 370, 553 A.2d 770, 771 (1988), but where the statute already defines one of its terms, the PELRB must apply that definition, cf. Manchenton v. Auto Leasing Corp., 135 N.H. 298, 303, 605 A.2d 208, 212 (1992) (basic precept of statutory construction is that definition of term in a statute controls its meaning). Here, the PELRB apparently failed to analyze RSA 273-A:1, IV, the statute which defines the term "cost items." Accordingly, we need not give deference to the PELRB's legal rulings on this determinative issue, and instead conduct an examination of the statute ourselves to ascertain the legislature's intent.

RSA 273-A:1, IV defines "cost item" as "any benefit acquired through collective bargaining whose implementation requires an appropriation by the legislative body of the public employer with which negotiations are being conducted." The parties to this appeal do not dispute that the monetary provisions of the 1991-92 CBA between the school district and the association are "benefit[s] acquired through collective bargaining," and they all acknowledge that the city council is the "legislative body of the public employer with which negotiations [were] being conducted." The disagreement revolves around the words "whose implementation requires an appropriation" and, more particularly, the word "requires." The association and the school district argue that the monetary provisions at issue are not "cost items" because no additional appropriation by the city council would be required to implement them. The city, on the other hand, maintains that the provisions are "cost items" because they could not have been implemented without an appropriation. Our examination of the statute and related case law persuades us that the city is correct.

We find that the statutory language supports the city's contention that the provisions are "cost items" because, in the literal sense, implementation of the provisions "requires an appropriation." That is, the provisions could not be implemented without an appropriation at some point in time. The school district argues that the phrase "requires an appropriation" should be construed to mean "requires a supplemental appropriation" because "requires" is written in the present tense. The use of the present tense, however, does not mean that "appropriation" refers only to a future event.

Moreover, although the association and the school district would interpret RSA 273-A:1, IV to define "cost item" as "any benefit ... whose implementation requires a supplemental appropriation," the word "supplemental" does not appear in the statute. A reviewing court may not add words to a statute that the lawmakers did not see fit to include. See State v. Doe, 117 N.H. 259, 261, 372 A.2d 279, 280 (1977). If the legislature had intended to limit the term "cost items" as the association and the school district suggest, it could have inserted a word such as "supplemental" to modify "appropriation," or written the verb "to require" in the future tense.

Our decisions interpreting RSA chapter 273-A bolster our construction of the phrase "whose implementation requires an appropriation." For example, we held in Appeal of Sanborn Regional School Bd., 133 N.H. 513, 520-22, 579 A.2d 282, 286-87 (1990), that a local legislative body may not be bound by a CBA without first being fully informed of the details of its financial terms. This holding would lose its vitality if the school district here could change those details whenever it thought it advisable. See also City of Portsmouth v. Association of Portsmouth Teachers, 134 N.H. 642, 647, 650, 597 A.2d 1063, 1066, 1068 (1991).

In Appeal of Franklin Education...