Carrico v. Kondos

• Decision Date: 24 April 2003
• Docket Number: No. 2-02-112-CV.,2-02-112-CV.
• Citation: 111 S.W.3d 582
• Parties: Bernard V. CARRICO, Jr. and Judith A. Carrico, Appellants, v. George KONDOS and Carol Kondos, Appellees.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

111 S.W.3d 582

Bernard V. CARRICO, Jr. and Judith A. Carrico, Appellants, v. George KONDOS and Carol Kondos, Appellees.

No. 2-02-112-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas, Fort Worth.

April 24, 2003.

Rehearing Overruled June 26, 2003.

Law Offices of Griffin, Whitten, Jones & Reib and Michael J. Whitten, Law Group of Rocky Haire and Scott Reib, Denton, for Appellants.

Jackson Walker, L.L.P. and Michael L. Knapek and Robert W. Vetkoetter, Dallas, Albon O. Head, Fort Worth, for Appellees.

PANEL A: DAY, LIVINGSTON, and DAUPHINOT, JJ.

OPINION

TERRIE LIVINGSTON, Justice.

Introduction

Appellants Bernard V. Carrico, Jr. and Judith A. Carrico (Carricos) appeal from a summary judgment dismissing with prejudice their claims against appellees George Kondos and Carol Kondos (Kondoses). We reverse the summary judgment and remand the case to the trial court.

Factual Background

In December 1990 the Carricos conveyed a tract of real property in Flower Mound to the Kondoses. In February 1991 the Kondoses and the Carricos executed an Agreement (ROFR), in which the Kondoses agreed to give the Carricos written notice of any bona fide third party offer to purchase the property and granted the Carricos a right of first refusal to purchase the property on the terms of any such offer. On June 5, 1998, the Kondoses conveyed the property to Robbins Enterprises, Inc. (Robbins) without having first given the Carricos notice in accordance with the ROFR.

On June 30, 1998, Carol Kondos notified the Carricos that the property had been sold to Robbins. The Carricos' attorney then wrote a letter to the Kondoses claiming that the Kondoses had breached the ROFR and demanding either specific performance of the ROFR or damages. The Kondoses' attorney responded with a letter indicating that Robbins had agreed to sell the property to the Carricos in accordance with the terms of Robbins's purchase. Because the property had already been sold to Robbins, and the Carricos argued that they could have obtained more favorable financing when Robbins initially made its offer to the Kondoses, the Carricos did not accept this offer.

Robbins brought a suit to quiet title against the Carricos and also sought a declaratory judgment that Robbins owned the property free and clear of any claims of the Carricos. The Carricos counterclaimed and also brought a cross-claim against the Kondoses, seeking a determination that the Carricos were entitled to ownership of the property,¹ or, in the alternative, seeking damages for the Kondoses' breach of the ROFR.

Robbins and the Carricos settled their claims against each other. Robbins paid the Carricos $30,000, and the Carricos released all claims to ownership of the property. The Kondoses then filed a motion for summary judgment against the Carricos, which the trial court granted on the sole ground that the Carricos' claim against the Kondoses was barred by the election of remedies doctrine.

Standard of Review

In a summary judgment case, the issue on appeal is whether the movant met his summary judgment burden by establishing that no genuine issue of material fact exists and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX.R. CIV. P. 166a(c); KPMG Peat Marwick v. Harrison County Hous. Fin. Corp., 988 S.W.2d 746, 748 (Tex.1999); City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d 671, 678 (Tex.1979). The burden of proof is on the movant, and all doubts about the existence of a genuine issue of material fact are resolved against the movant. Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel, 997 S.W.2d 217, 223 (Tex.1999); Friendswood Dev. Co. v. McDade + Co., 926 S.W.2d 280, 282 (Tex.1996); Great Am. Reserve Ins. Co. v. San Antonio Plumbing Supply Co., 391 S.W.2d 41, 47 (Tex.1965). Therefore, we must view the evidence and its reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmovant. Great Am., 391 S.W.2d at 47.

In deciding whether there is a material fact issue precluding summary judgment, all conflicts in the evidence are disregarded, and the evidence favorable to the nonmovant is accepted as true. Rhone-Poulenc, 997 S.W.2d at 223; Harwell v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 896 S.W.2d 170, 173 (Tex.1995). Evidence that favors the movant's position will not be considered unless it is uncontroverted. Great Am., 391 S.W.2d at 47.

A defendant is entitled to summary judgment on an affirmative defense if the defendant conclusively proves all the elements of the affirmative defense. KPMG Peat Marwick, 988 S.W.2d at 748. To accomplish this, the defendant-movant must present summary judgment evidence that establishes each element of the affirmative defense as a matter of law. Ryland Group, Inc. v. Hood, 924 S.W.2d 120, 121 (Tex.1996).

This court must consider all summary judgment grounds the trial court ruled on and the movant preserved for appellate review that are necessary for final disposition of the appeal. Cincinnati Life Ins. Co. v. Cates, 927 S.W.2d 623, 626 (Tex.1996). To preserve the grounds, the party must raise them in the summary judgment proceeding and present them in an issue or cross-point on appeal. Id.

Analysis

Election of Remedies

In their first issue, the Carricos contend that as a matter of law the election of remedies doctrine does not bar their claims against the Kondoses. An election of remedies is

the act of choosing between two or more inconsistent but coexistent modes of procedure and relief allowed by law on the same state of facts. When a party thus chooses to exercise one of them he abandons his right to exercise the other remedy and is precluded from resorting to it.

Custom Leasing, Inc. v. Tex. Bank & Trust Co., 491 S.W.2d 869, 871 (Tex.1973); City of Glenn Heights v. Sheffield Dev. Co., 55 S.W.3d 158, 165 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2001, pet. denied). The election doctrine may constitute a bar to relief when "(1) one successfully exercises an informed choice (2) between two or more remedies, rights or states of facts (3) which are so inconsistent as to (4) constitute manifest injustice." Sheffield, 55 S.W.3d at 164 (quoting Bocanegra v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., 605 S.W.2d 848, 851 (Tex.1980)). The doctrine is meant "to prevent a party who has obtained a specific form of remedy from obtaining a different and inconsistent remedy for the same wrong." Fina Supply, Inc. v. Abilene Nat'l Bank, 726 S.W.2d 537, 541 (Tex.1987). The doctrine does not apply to "the assertion of distinct causes of action against different parties arising out of independent transactions with such parties. There is no election where the remedies are neither inconsistent nor repugnant." Haskell v. Border City Bank, 649 S.W.2d 133, 135-36 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1983, no writ).

An election between remedies occurs, at the latest, when a party proceeds to final judgment on one claim with knowledge of an inconsistent claim or remedy. Sheffield, 55 S.W.3d at 165. Generally, it is the obtaining of a judgment on one theory or state of facts that precludes the ability to pursue other inconsistent remedies. Id. at 165, 167-68.

The election of remedies doctrine does not apply here because the two remedies at issue are not inconsistent. The Carricos' claim against Robbins was for ownership of the property. The Carricos did not proceed to judgment on that claim, but instead settled the case for $30,000. In the settlement agreement, the Carricos relinquished any rights they may have had to ownership of the property. The Carricos and Robbins entered into the settlement agreement to "eliminate the continued uncertainty, delay and expense associated with [the suit between Robbins and the Carricos]."

The Kondoses contend that the Carricos' acceptance of the $30,000 is inconsistent with their claims against the Kondoses for breach of contract. We do not agree. The Carricos accepted the $30,000 in exchange for relinquishing all ownership rights in the property and for dismissing their counterclaim against Robbins. Giving up the right to sue for ownership of the property and accepting $30,000 for doing so is not inconsistent with pursuing a claim for damages incurred as a result of not being given the opportunity to purchase the property at a specified time. We hold that as a matter of law the election of remedies doctrine does not bar the Carricos' claims against the Kondoses for breach of the ROFR. Accordingly, we sustain the Carricos' first issue.²

Failure of Consideration

The Kondoses raised two other grounds in their summary judgment motion, which the trial court denied. In two issues,³ the Kondoses contend that the summary judgment should be affirmed on those grounds.⁴ The first ground the Kondoses assert is that the ROFR was not supported by consideration. The ROFR contained a recital that the parties' agreement was entered into "for and in consideration of Ten and No/100 Dollars ($10.00) and other good and valuable consideration." The Kondoses attached to their summary judgment motion an affidavit from Carol Kondos stating that the Carricos did not pay the $10, nor did they give any other consideration for the ROFR. The Carricos attached to their response an affidavit from Bernard Carrico indicating that he paid the $10.⁵

The Carricos contend that the trial court could not consider the two affidavits because they are parol evidence and may not be used to contradict the recital of consideration in the contract, which shows on its face that consideration was given and received. A recital of acknowledgment of consideration is no more than a statement of fact that may be contradicted by parol evidence. Joppich v. 1464-Eight, Ltd., 96 S.W.3d 614, 617 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. filed); Boy Scouts of Am. v. Responsive Terminal Sys., Inc., 790 S.W.2d 738, 744 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1990, writ denied); Cochell v. Cawthon, 110 S.W.2d 636, 638 (Tex.Civ.App.-Amarillo 1937, writ dism'd). Thus, Bernard Carrico's assertion in his affidavit that the Carricos paid the Kondoses the $10 consideration recited in the ROFR raises a genuine issue of...