Citizens for Growth Management v. Groscost

• Decision Date: 08 December 2000
• Docket Number: No. CV-00-0259-SA.,CV-00-0259-SA.
• Citation: 13 P.3d 1188,199 Ariz. 71
• Parties: CITIZENS FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT and Sandra Bahr, Petitioners, v. Jeff GROSCOST, Speaker of the Arizona House of Representatives and Chair of the Legislative Council; Brenda Burns, President of the Arizona Senate and member of the Legislative Council; Representative Lori Daniels, member of the Legislative Council; Representative Herschella Horton, member of the Legislative Council; Representative Marilyn Jarrett, member of the Legislative Council; Representative John Loredo, member of the Legislative Council; Representative Robert McLendon, member of the Legislative Council; Representative Jim Weiers, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Russell Bowers, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Jack Brown, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Chris Cummiskey, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Ann Day, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Darden Hamilton, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Peter Rios, member of the Legislative Council; Betsey Bayless, Secretary of State; all in their official capacity, real parties in interest, Respondents.
• Court: Arizona Supreme Court

13 P.3d 1188

199 Ariz. 71

CITIZENS FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT and Sandra Bahr, Petitioners, v. Jeff GROSCOST, Speaker of the Arizona House of Representatives and Chair of the Legislative Council; Brenda Burns, President of the Arizona Senate and member of the Legislative Council; Representative Lori Daniels, member of the Legislative Council; Representative Herschella Horton, member of the Legislative Council; Representative Marilyn Jarrett, member of the Legislative Council; Representative John Loredo, member of the Legislative Council; Representative Robert McLendon, member of the Legislative Council; Representative Jim Weiers, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Russell Bowers, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Jack Brown, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Chris Cummiskey, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Ann Day, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Darden Hamilton, member of the Legislative Council; Senator Peter Rios, member of the Legislative Council; Betsey Bayless, Secretary of State; all in their official capacity, real parties in interest, Respondents.

No. CV-00-0259-SA.

Supreme Court of Arizona, En Banc.

December 8, 2000.

Arizona Center for Law in the Public Interest by Joy E. Herr-Cardillo and Timothy M. Hogan, Phoenix, Attorneys for Petitioners.

Gallagher & Kennedy, P.A. by John E. Lundin and Jeffrey D. Gross, Phoenix, Attorneys for Respondents Groscost and Burns.

OPINION

ZLAKET, Chief Justice.

¶ 1 This special action challenges the Arizona Legislative Council's analysis of the Citizens Growth Management Initiative (CGMI). We considered the case without oral argument and issued an order accepting jurisdiction and granting relief on August 7, 2000. Pursuant to Ariz.Rev.Stat. § 19-124(B) (West Supp.1999), we decided that the first paragraph of the Council's analysis should be deleted or revised to provide an impartial description of the initiative measure, free of argument or advocacy. Our order indicated that this opinion would follow. ¶ 2 We have jurisdiction pursuant to Ariz. Const. art. VI, § 5(1) and Ariz.R.P.Spec. Act. 1. Arizona Legislative Council v. Howe, 192 Ariz. 378, 382, 965 P.2d 770, 774 (1998); Fairness & Accountability in Ins. Reform v. Greene, 180 Ariz. 582, 590, 886 P.2d 1338, 1346 (1994) ("Section 19-124 would be meaningless if this court had no power to review the actions of the Council and determine whether it carried out its statutory responsibility to prepare an impartial analysis and description of [the proposition].").¹

¶ 3 Prior to elections in which an initiative or referendum is on the ballot, the Secretary of State is required to prepare a publicity pamphlet for distribution to Arizona voters. Ariz.Rev.Stat. § 19-123(A) (West Supp.1999). With respect to initiative measures, the pamphlet must contain, among other things, a Legislative Council analysis of each ballot proposal, a fiscal impact summary prepared by the Joint Legislative Budget Committee staff, and any submitted arguments for or against enactment. Id.

¶ 4 At issue here is the CGMI analysis prepared by the Legislative Council. Section 19-124(B) states that the Council "shall prepare and file ... an impartial analysis of the provisions of each ballot proposal of a measure or proposed amendment." (Emphasis added). The purpose of the analysis is to "assist voters in rationally assessing an initiative proposal by providing a fair, neutral explanation of the proposal's contents and the changes it would make if adopted." Greene, 180 Ariz. at 590, 886 P.2d at 1346. Its language "must not mislead, be `tinged with partisan coloring,' or argue for one side or the other." Howe, 192 Ariz. at 383, 965 P.2d at 775 (citations omitted).

¶ 5 The Legislative Council's analysis of the CGMI contains the following opening paragraph:

Arizona cities, towns and counties currently have extensive authority to regulate development and land uses in their communities through local planning and zoning powers. These local planning powers have been expanded by new laws passed in 1998 and 2000. The new laws, already in effect, require among other things, increased citizen review and involvement in rezonings and other land use decisions. They also require the development of comprehensive growth management plans, in conjunction with their citizens and other affected parties including, among others, the Department of Water Resources and the Department of Environmental Quality. The plans must be approved by voters in large or fast-growing cities and towns. In addition, major amendments to these plans have to be held for consideration at a single annual community hearing. These existing laws also appropriated $220,000,000 for preserving open space.²

¶ 6 As can be seen, this paragraph does not mention the CGMI at all. Instead, it offers an interpretation of existing law. While we accept that the Council's analysis may provide a neutral description of current law in explaining a proposal's potential effect, Ariz.Rev.Stat. § 19-124(B), the above language does much more. It attempts to persuade the reader at the very outset that present laws adequately address the perceived problems the initiative seeks to remedy. The first sentence proclaims that Arizona cities, towns, and counties "currently have extensive authority" to regulate land use. The analysis then asserts that these powers were recently "expanded by new laws," referring to the "Growing Smarter" legislation of 1998 and 2000. Thereafter, it outlines in some detail the changes purportedly made by that earlier legislation. The obvious conclusion to be drawn from the Council's description—before the voter has a chance to read word one about the proposal itself — is that the CGMI is unnecessary. In our view, this rhetorical strategy is not impartial.

¶ 7 As previously mentioned, the summary says that cities and towns currently have "extensive" authority to regulate development and land use. But whether such power is "extensive," as respondents argue, or "limited," as petitioners contend, is at the heart of Arizona's heated debate about growth. In this context, the words have partisan connotations.

¶ 8 The analysis also states that present law "require[s] the development of comprehensive growth management plans." However, nothing like the term "comprehensive growth management plan" is used in the Growing Smarter legislation, which merely continues the use of "general plans" in dealing with growth-related matters. Ariz.Rev. Stat. § 9-461.05 (West Supp.1999).

¶ 9 Terminology aside, the paragraph in question clearly implies that Growing Smarter's approach to growth management issues is equal to, or better than, that of the CGMI. But again, whether Growing Smarter or the CGMI best addresses Arizona's needs stands at the heart of the controversy. The Legislative Council's "impartial" analysis is not the proper place to argue the merits of either position.

¶ 10 Finally, we are troubled by the Council's statement that the Growing Smarter Act allocates $220 million "for preserving open space." Section 41-511.23(D)(2) appropriates $20 million per year in fiscal years 2000-2011 for a land conservation fund. However, those dollars must be matched by private donations or other monies and may only be used "[t]o purchase or lease state trust lands that are classified as suitable for conservation purposes pursuant to title 37, chapter 2, article 4.2." Ariz.Rev.Stat. § 41-511.23(G)(1)(a) (West Supp.1999). The omission of such critical information is significant. This is not merely a case of impartiality being in the "eye of the beholder," as the respondents suggest.³ There is clearly a degree of advocacy at work here.

¶ 11 The dissent advances a whole-is-greater-than-the-sum-of-its-parts theory, finding the entire analysis impartial even though certain sentences or paragraphs are not. Infra at ¶ 20. Under this view, it claims there is no need to review "paragraph by paragraph and word by word." Infra at ¶ 20. While such an approach may be convenient for the court and helpful to the Legislative Council, it fails to meet the needs of those citizens having an interest in a fair election. See Sotomayor v. Burns, 199 Ariz. 81, 82, 13 P.3d 1198, 1199 (2000); Harris v. Purcell, 193 Ariz. 409, 414, 973 P.2d 1166, 1171 (1998). In light of the very clear and specific directive of Ariz.Rev.Stat. § 19-124(B), initiative sponsors, petition signers, and voters have every right to expect a completely neutral summary, without advocacy or argument.

¶ 12 The dissent's assertion that we have somehow "enmeshed this court in the unwholesome and unhealthy process of second guessing drafting minutiae," infra at ¶ 19, is unfounded. The question presented in these cases is whether reasonable minds could conclude that the analysis is impartial, not whether the judicial system could have written it better. Howe, 192 Ariz. at 383, 965 P.2d at 775. No member of this court has any particular fondness for these challenges. Nevertheless, because "judicial review is the only method to ensure that the official publicity pamphlet for ballot proposals complies with the statutory requirements," we are obliged to strictly enforce the laws enacted by the legislature. Id. at 383, 965 P.2d at 775 (citing Greene, 180 Ariz. at 590-91, 886 P.2d at 1346-47). The dissent's laissez faire approach to the problem does not comport with either the statutes or our past cases.

¶ 13 This is one of three similar challenges presented to us in this election cycle. See Healthy Arizona Initiative PAC v. Groscost, 199 Ariz. 75, 13 P.3d 1192 (2000); Sotomayor, 199 Ariz. at 82,13 P.3d at 1199. We cannot help but wonder why the drafting of neutral initiative summaries proves to be such a difficult task, but choose to leave that inquiry for another time. The law is clear in its meaning and purpose; our duty is to interpret and apply it as written. Jennings v. Woods, 194 Ariz. 314, 316, 982 P.2d 274, 276 (1999). We...