Cole v. State
| Decision Date | 08 January 1996 |
| Docket Number | No. CR95-877,CR95-877 |
| Citation | 913 S.W.2d 255,323 Ark. 8 |
| Parties | Anthony L. COLE, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. |
| Court | Arkansas Supreme Court |
Didi H. Sallings, Ex. Director Public Defender Commission, Little Rock, for appellant.
Gil Dudley, Asst. Attorney General, Little Rock, for appellee.
Anthony Cole was convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to 37 years imprisonment. He contends the evidence showed conclusively that Germaine Brown, who testified against him, was an accomplice as a matter of law and the other evidence was insufficient to corroborate Germaine Brown's testimony. We conclude the Trial Court properly instructed the jury to determine whether Germaine Brown was an accomplice. Mr. Cole also argues certain hearsay evidence was improperly admitted. We find no error and affirm.
Ronald Brown was shot and killed as he stood on the porch of a residence in Little Rock. Anthony Cole and Arlantus White were charged with capital murder. At Cole's trial, the State proceeded on a theory that Mr. White was the "trigger man" in the crime, and Mr. Cole was his accomplice.
Germaine Brown was with a group of men, including Cole and White, on the night of the shooting. Germaine Brown testified Cole wanted to "get" Ronald Brown. The group followed the victim until he went into a residence. They waited outside.
At one point Mr. Cole approached the residence. Two women who were present inside with the victim said Cole warned them what was to happen. After he returned to the group outside, Cole told Germaine Brown to go into the residence to get Ronald Brown to come out. Germaine Brown said he at first refused, but did as he was told after White insisted while holding a gun. Ronald Brown came out onto a porch where White shot him. Germaine Brown said he refused to go up to the porch with the others as he wanted nothing to do with the shooting. He did not see the shooting directly, but knew what was happening because he could see shadows of the participants around the corner of a building. All of the men who had been in the group, including Germaine Brown, then ran away.
The defendant bears the burden of proving that a witness is an accomplice whose testimony must be corroborated. Nelson v. State, 306 Ark. 456, 816 S.W.2d 159 (1991); Scherrer v. State, 294 Ark. 287, 742 S.W.2d 884 (1988). An accomplice is one who, with the purpose of promoting or facilitating the commission of an offense, either solicits, advises, encourages, or coerces the other person to commit it, or aids, agrees to aid or attempts to aid the other person in planning or committing it, or fails to make a proper effort to prevent the commission of the offense, provided he has a legal duty to prevent it. Ark.Code Ann. 5-2-403 (1987); Pilcher v. State, 303 Ark. 335, 796 S.W.2d 845 (1990). Mere presence at the scene of the crime does not make one an accomplice. Spears v. State, 280 Ark. 577, 660 S.W.2d 913 (1983); Vickers v. State, 313 Ark. 64, 852 S.W.2d 787 (1993).
Germaine Brown testified that when the police arrived to investigate the incident, he remained silent because he felt threatened by White and Cole. He went to the police the next day to report the crime.
The testimony of other witnesses indicated the extent of Germaine Brown's involvement in the murder and his fear of Cole and White. Tonya Rogers testified that Germaine Brown did not want to talk to the police at first because "he was scared for his life." Diane Delph, who was in the apartment when Germaine Brown entered to speak to Ronald Brown, testified that Germaine Brown said that "Boo (Mr. Cole) and them say get that boy named Ron out the house, or else they're going to shoot up in there." Paul Humphrey, who took Germaine Brown to the police station, testified that after the murder, Germaine Brown seemed "upset and scared."
The Trial Court did not err by refusing to declare Germaine Brown an accomplice as a matter of law. The evidence was such that it was appropriate for the jury to decide whether his participation was under duress, see Ark.Code Ann. § 5-2-208 (Repl.1993), and thus that it was not his purpose to aid in the commission of the crime.
Germaine Brown's testimony included the following:
Counsel objected to this line of questioning on the basis that the statement made by Mr. White, "I told y'all I...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
Williams v. State
...Cate v. State, 270 Ark. 972, 976, 606 S.W.2d 764, 766 (1980). See King v. State, 323 Ark. 671, 916 S.W.2d 732 (1996); Cole v. State, 323 Ark. 8, 913 S.W.2d 255 (1996); Vickers v. State, 313 Ark. 64, 852 S.W.2d 787 (1993). "Whether a witness is an accomplice is usually a mixed question of fa......
-
King v. State
...basis. We find no error in these two rulings. The defendant bears the burden of proving that a witness is an accomplice. Cole v. State, 323 Ark. 8, 913 S.W.2d 255 (1996). An accomplice is one who, with the purpose of promoting or facilitating the commission of an offense, either solicits, a......
-
Kenyon v. State
...the general principle that an out-of-court statement offered to show its effect on the hearer is not hearsay. Cole v. State, 323 Ark. 8, 913 S.W.2d 255, 257 (Ark.1996). "Some Out-of-Court Utterances Which Are Not ". . . Utterances and writing[s] offered to show effect on hearer or reader. W......
-
Lloyd v. State
...accomplice. Appellant bears the burden of proving that a witness is an accomplice whose testimony must be corroborated. Cole v. State, 323 Ark. 8, 913 S.W.2d 255 (1996). An accomplice is one who, with the purpose of promoting or facilitating the commission of an offense, either solicits, ad......