Vickers v. State

• Citation: 852 S.W.2d 787,313 Ark. 64
• Decision Date: 03 May 1993
• Docket Number: No. CR,CR
• Parties: Dustin Heath VICKERS, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. 92-630.
• Court: Supreme Court of Arkansas

Page 787

852 S.W.2d 787

313 Ark. 64

Dustin Heath VICKERS, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. CR 92-630.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

May 3, 1993.

J. Blake Hendrix, Little Rock, for appellant.

Teena L. White, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, for appellee.

HAYS, Justice.

On October 6, 1990, the appellant, Dustin Heath Vickers, and Dale Larque drove from their hometown of Stuttgart to Little Rock supposedly to see Vickers' girlfriend and to purchase drugs. They picked up Kenneth Ray Jackson in the Highland Courts and rode around. Jackson evidently sold Vickers and Larque counterfeit drugs. They then drove to Pratt Road where Jackson got out of the vehicle and was shot in the left eye and in the back of the head.

After Jackson's body was discovered, Dale Larque was arrested and questioned. In his first statement to police, Larque denied any knowledge of the shooting. A second statement was taken in which Larque implicated Vickers. Larque was then charged with first degree murder. The charges were subsequently dropped.

Vickers was later charged with first degree murder in circuit court. He filed a motion to transfer the case to juvenile court which was denied. That ruling was affirmed by this court in Vickers v. State, 307 Ark. 298, 819 S.W.2d 13 (1991).

Larque testified at trial that he was not involved in the shooting and that Vickers was the one who fired the two shots. Vickers testified that it was Larque who was responsible for the murder. The physical evidence included photographs of footprints and tire tracks taken at the crime scene.

The jury found Vickers guilty of first degree murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment. In challenging his conviction, Vickers asserts four points for reversal. We find no error and affirm the trial court's decision.

Vickers first argues that the trial court erred in failing to find Dale Larque an accomplice as a matter of law. Under settled law, appellant bears the burden of proving that a witness is an accomplice whose testimony must be corroborated. Nelson v. State, 306 Ark. 456, 816 S.W.2d 159 (1991); Scherrer v. State, 294 Ark. 287, 742 S.W.2d 884 (1988). Under Ark.Code Ann. § 5-2-403 (1987), an accomplice is one who, with the purpose of promoting or facilitating the commission of an offense, either solicits, advises, encourages, or coerces the other person to commit it, or aids, agrees to aid or attempts to aid the other person in planning or committing it, or fails to make a proper effort to prevent the commission of the offense, provided he has a legal duty to prevent it. Pilcher v. State, 303 Ark. 335, 796 S.W.2d 845 (1990). Mere presence at the scene of the crime does not make one an accomplice. Spears v. State, 280 Ark. 577, 660 S.W.2d 913 (1983).

At trial, appellant actually made this argument in the form of a motion to dismiss for failure to corroborate an accomplice's testimony. The trial judge stated that he would not hold that Larque was an accomplice as a matter of law at that time and would reserve that ruling until later. However, appellant failed to obtain a ruling on this issue. At the end of trial, Vickers renewed his previous motions that had been overruled by the court but did not renew his motion with regard to whether Larque was an accomplice.

We have consistently stated that the burden of obtaining a ruling is on the movant and the failure to secure a ruling constitutes a waiver, precluding its consideration on appeal. See Donald v. State, 310 Ark. 197, 833 S.W.2d 770 (1992); Terry v. State, 309 Ark. 64, 826 S.W.2d 817 (1992); Pacee v. State, 306 Ark. 563, 816 S.W.2d 856 (1991). Therefore, appellant is procedurally barred from raising this issue on appeal.

Second, Vickers contends the evidence was insufficient to corroborate Larque's testimony. Because Larque was never found to be an accomplice whose testimony must be corroborated, we need not address this argument. Even so, appellant has not preserved this issue for our review. During a discussion which took place outside the hearing of the jury, defense counsel withdrew the accomplice instructions which included the instruction on corroboration. Such action has the same effect as if Vickers had originally failed to request an instruction.

Also, appellant did not proffer the accomplice instructions and they are not included in the abstract. We have held numerous times that the failure to proffer an instruction results in the issue's not being preserved for appeal. Pearson v. State, 307 Ark. 360, 819 S.W.2d 284 (1991); Hart v. State, 301 Ark. 200, 783 S.W.2d 40 (1990). Because the record on appeal is confined to that which is abstracted, the failure to abstract a critical document precludes the court from considering issues concerning it on appeal. See Porchia v. State, 306 Ark. 443, 815 S.W.2d 926 (1991); Plotts v. State, 297 Ark. 66, 759 S.W.2d 793 (1988). Without the proffered instructions before us, we decline to address this argument.

Appellant next argues that the trial court erred in refusing to instruct the jury on the elements of second degree murder and manslaughter. For the same reasons as stated above, Vickers is procedurally barred from arguing this point on appeal. Again, during a discussion with the trial judge, Vickers agreed to withdraw AMCI 301, the instruction on lesser included offenses. In doing so, he waived his right to raise the issue at this time.

Moreover, appellant failed to proffer and abstract the requested instructions. As stated, in order to preserve for appeal any objection to the trial court's failure to give an instruction, the appellant must make a proffer of the instruction to the judge. See People's Bank & Trust Co. v. Wallace, 290 Ark. 589, 721 S.W.2d 659 (1986). Simply giving a set of instructions to the trial judge prior to trial is not sufficient to allow the appellate court to address the propriety of appellant's proposed instructions. City of Little Rock v. Weber, 298 Ark. 382, 767 S.W.2d 529 (1989). In Weber, we held that to so hold would place the responsibility on the trial judge of bringing up a record on appeal from which the appellate court could fully review the proceedings rather than on the appellant, where this court has many times said it belongs. Because the requested instructions were not abstracted, we will not consider whether they should have been given. See Dollar v. State, 287 Ark. 61, 697 S.W.2d 868 (1985).

In addition, Vickers was not entitled to instructions on lesser included offenses because he relied upon the defense of complete denial. We have stated numerous times that a lesser included offense instruction need not be given unless there is a rational basis. See Fry v. State, 309 Ark. 316, 829 S.W.2d 415 (1992); Watson v. State, 308 Ark. 444, 825 S.W.2d 569 (1992); Doby v. State, 290 Ark. 408, 720 S.W.2d 694 (1986); Crenshaw v. State, 271 Ark. 484, 609 S.W.2d...